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How Cells Divide. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html. Interphase. What the cell spends 90% of its time doing. Divided into G1 , S , and G2 stages This is where the cell goes about basic life functions of growth, DNA copying and regulation. G1.
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http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.htmlhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html
Interphase • What the cell spends 90% of its time doing. • Divided into G1,S, and G2 stages • This is where the cell goes about basic life functions of growth, DNA copying and regulation
G1 • During this stage new organelles are being synthesised, so the cell requires both structural proteins and enzymes, resulting in great amount of protein synthesis. • In short the cell grows (Growth phase) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G2_phase
S • synthesis phase, is a period when DNAsynthesis or replication occurs.
G2 • Cell grows more and prepares to divide
Mitosis • (The M phase) • Before We Splitmitosis= the division of a cell's nucleus. Along with cytokinesis (the division of the rest of a cell), mitosis results in a parent cell dividing intotwodaughtercells. The genetic information within each of these daughter cells is identical.
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.htmlhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html This is how we get sister chromatids
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.htmlhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html • Nuclear envelope breaks down • Spindle fibers (microtubules) attach • Sister chromatids pair up • Spindle fibers form
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.htmlhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html • Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell • ½ of each chromosome (1 chromatid) is pulled to each pole of the cell
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.htmlhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html • Nuclear envelope reforms
Cytokinesis (the final step) Cytokinesis is the process of splitting the daughter cells apart. Whereas mitosis is the division of the nucleus, cytokinesis is the splitting of the cytoplasm and allocation of the golgi, plastids and cytoplasm into each new cell. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html
http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.htmlhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html
Prophase I http://www.biology.arizona.edu/CELL_BIO/tutorials/meiosis/page3.html • Homologous chromosomes pair up (each made up of 2 sister chromatids) • Homologous chromosomes swap some allele information • Nuclear envelope disappears
Metaphase I See information is swapped http://www.biology.arizona.edu/CELL_BIO/tutorials/meiosis/page3.html • Chromosomes line up down the middle • Spindle fibers attach
Anaphase I http://www.biology.arizona.edu/CELL_BIO/tutorials/meiosis/page3.html • 1 of each of the Homologous chromosomes is pulled to each side of the cell
Telophase I & Cytokinesis http://www.biology.arizona.edu/CELL_BIO/tutorials/meiosis/page3.html • The cell divides down the middle • Nuclear envelope sometimes reforms
Telophase I & Cytokinesis http://www.biology.arizona.edu/CELL_BIO/tutorials/meiosis/page3.html • The cell divides down the middle • Nuclear envelope sometimes reforms
Prophase II • Spindle fibers form • Nuclear envelope disintegrates
Metaphase II • Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell • Spindle fibers attach
Anaphase II • Sister chromatids separate http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/bs110/meiosis.htm
Telophase II& Cytokinesis • Nucleus reforms • Not that each of the four cells is haploid http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/bs110/meiosis.htm
Did catch the Differences? Check out this Sweet animation
Taken from • http://biologyinmotion.com/cell_division/index.html
So.... • Homologous chromosomes swap information in meiosis • In meiosis 1 homologous chromosomes not sister chromatids are separated • Meiosis ends with 4 daughter cells, Mitosis ends in 2