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How Cells Divide

How Cells Divide. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html. Interphase. What the cell spends 90% of its time doing. Divided into G1 , S , and G2 stages This is where the cell goes about basic life functions of growth, DNA copying and regulation. G1.

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How Cells Divide

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  1. How Cells Divide

  2. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.htmlhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html

  3. Interphase • What the cell spends 90% of its time doing. • Divided into G1,S, and G2 stages • This is where the cell goes about basic life functions of growth, DNA copying and regulation

  4. G1 • During this stage new organelles are being synthesised, so the cell requires both structural proteins and enzymes, resulting in great amount of protein synthesis. • In short the cell grows (Growth phase) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G2_phase

  5. S • synthesis phase, is a period when DNAsynthesis or replication occurs.

  6. G2 • Cell grows more and prepares to divide

  7. Cell cycle

  8. Did you notice the check points?

  9. Mitosis • (The M phase) • Before We Splitmitosis= the division of a cell's nucleus. Along with cytokinesis (the division of the rest of a cell), mitosis results in a parent cell dividing intotwodaughtercells. The genetic information within each of these daughter cells is identical.

  10. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.htmlhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html This is how we get sister chromatids

  11. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.htmlhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html • Nuclear envelope breaks down • Spindle fibers (microtubules) attach • Sister chromatids pair up • Spindle fibers form

  12. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.htmlhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html • Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell • ½ of each chromosome (1 chromatid) is pulled to each pole of the cell

  13. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.htmlhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html • Nuclear envelope reforms

  14. Cytokinesis (the final step) Cytokinesis is the process of splitting the daughter cells apart. Whereas mitosis is the division of the nucleus, cytokinesis is the splitting of the cytoplasm and allocation of the golgi, plastids and cytoplasm into each new cell. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html

  15. Meiosis

  16. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.htmlhttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookmito.html

  17. Prophase I http://www.biology.arizona.edu/CELL_BIO/tutorials/meiosis/page3.html • Homologous chromosomes pair up (each made up of 2 sister chromatids) • Homologous chromosomes swap some allele information • Nuclear envelope disappears

  18. Metaphase I See information is swapped http://www.biology.arizona.edu/CELL_BIO/tutorials/meiosis/page3.html • Chromosomes line up down the middle • Spindle fibers attach

  19. Anaphase I http://www.biology.arizona.edu/CELL_BIO/tutorials/meiosis/page3.html • 1 of each of the Homologous chromosomes is pulled to each side of the cell

  20. Telophase I & Cytokinesis http://www.biology.arizona.edu/CELL_BIO/tutorials/meiosis/page3.html • The cell divides down the middle • Nuclear envelope sometimes reforms

  21. Telophase I & Cytokinesis http://www.biology.arizona.edu/CELL_BIO/tutorials/meiosis/page3.html • The cell divides down the middle • Nuclear envelope sometimes reforms

  22. No new Interphase!

  23. Prophase II • Spindle fibers form • Nuclear envelope disintegrates

  24. Metaphase II • Chromosomes line up in the center of the cell • Spindle fibers attach

  25. Anaphase II • Sister chromatids separate http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/bs110/meiosis.htm

  26. Telophase II& Cytokinesis • Nucleus reforms • Not that each of the four cells is haploid http://taggart.glg.msu.edu/bs110/meiosis.htm

  27. Did catch the Differences? Check out this Sweet animation

  28. Taken from • http://biologyinmotion.com/cell_division/index.html

  29. Comparing the Two

  30. So.... • Homologous chromosomes swap information in meiosis • In meiosis 1 homologous chromosomes not sister chromatids are separated • Meiosis ends with 4 daughter cells, Mitosis ends in 2

  31. http://www.accessexcellence.org/RC/VL/GG/comparison.html

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