1 / 13

Impression Formation.

Impression Formation. We form impressions of people rapidly so we need to make short cuts Central Traits - Honesty, friendliness, meanness, happiness, introverted, extroverted- traits that are stable across time. Peripheral Traits - Personality traits which are affected by central traits.

kalare
Download Presentation

Impression Formation.

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Impression Formation. • We form impressions of people rapidly so we need to make short cuts • Central Traits- Honesty, friendliness, meanness, happiness, introverted, extroverted- traits that are stable across time. • Peripheral Traits- Personality traits which are affected by central traits.

  2. Primacy & Recency Effects • The study of Jim Luchins(1957) refer to h/out. • Evidence you are presented with first about a person remains strong and has more influence than subsequent information.- Primacy effect • Later information has more influence than earlier information- Recency effect

  3. Criticisms of Primacy • In our everyday life we encounter situations which provide us with information that prevents primacy occurring. • STEREOTYPING – Our assumptions we hold about people are strong enough so that we do not even register the initial information.I.e accents, clothes,ethnicity.

  4. Application of Primacy & Recency. • Relationships. Jurors. Interviews How judgements can Affect individuals.

  5. Implicit Personality Theories. • Our own ideas about which personality traits go together. • Halo effect. Dion (1972)/ Harai & Mcdavid (1973) Refers to the kind of information we generate about a person based on a positive or negative factor. • Personal constructs. Kelley (1955) Through our own experiences we develop our own theories of what people are like.

  6. Application of Halo effects & Personal constructs. • The research does not tell us how we form first impressions. • Sometimes impression is based on verbal description and little else- not the same as meeting someone. • The halo effect does have implications for the judgements we make about strangers.

  7. Stereotyping... • A rigid generalisation and over simplified set of ideas we have about others. • E.g. All black people can dance • Women are good homemakers • Jews are tight-fisted.

  8. Study of stereotyping: • Name: Razran (1950) • Method: Correlation analysis. • Procedure: Participants were asked to rate pictures of girls on a broad range of psychological characteristics. Later they were asked to rate the same pictures but the girls were identified with a name which sounded Irsh/ Jewish. • Results:-Razran compared original ratings with the those linked to ethnicity and found differences: • Jewish girls were rated higher on intelligence and ambition but lower on niceness • Conclusion:- ratings were based on stereotypes held about particular ethnic groups.

  9. Social categorisation. Tajfel (1971) Stereotyping is based upon thought processes: Differences between groups. Similarities in the same group. 14 & 15 yr old boys assigned to groups by toss of coin Each told if they awarded points to their group the other group automatically got the same points +2. Results: Participants chose pairings which created biggest difference in points between their own and other group ( 7 points for us 1 point for them!) Supporting Tajfel idea that we will discriminate against out groups.

  10. The effects of stereotyping... • Can direct our attention to relevant stereotype. • Tends to discount the information which is inconsistent- so we don’t break down stereotypes they encourage us to keep them going.

  11. The effects of stereotyping... • Explains why we use scapegoats.... • We use stereotypes as a way of justifying treating others differently.

  12. Evaluation & Application...... • (-)Recreated situations (artificial) so they do not reflect real life. • (-)Participants may not tell the truth and give ‘politically correct answers’ • (+) Has helped raise awareness about prejudice..better understanding of why.

  13. Sample Questions • Explain the difference between central and peripheral traits.(3) • Describe one study in which impression formation was investigated (5) • Explain how a stereotype can lead to a negative evaluation (3)

More Related