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Writing ionic equations

Writing ionic equations. Part 1 soluble and insoluble compounds. All compounds of sodium, potassium and ammonium are soluble in water. All compounds contain nitrate NO 3 - are soluble in water.

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Writing ionic equations

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  1. Writing ionic equations

  2. Part 1 soluble and insoluble compounds • All compounds of sodium, potassium and ammonium are soluble in water

  3. All compounds contain nitrateNO3- are soluble in water.

  4. All chlorides(Cl-), bromides(Br-), and iodides(I-) are soluble except those of the Pb2+, Hg2+, Ag+, and Cu+ ions.

  5. The sulfates(SO42-) are  soluble salts except BaSO4, SrSO4, and PbSO4 • (Ag2SO4, CaSO4, and Hg2SO4, which are slightly soluble).

  6. Sulfides(S2-) are  insoluble excep Na2S, K2S, (NH4)2S, MgS, CaS and BaS.

  7. Oxides (O2-) are usually insoluble. Exceptions include Na2O, K2O and BaO, which are soluble, (CaO is slightly soluble).

  8. Hydroxides (OH-) are usually insoluble. Exceptions include NaOH, KOH, and Ba(OH)2, which are soluble. (Ca(OH)2is slightly soluble).

  9. Chromates(CrO42-) are usually insoluble. Exceptions include Na2CrO4, K2CrO4, (NH4)2CrO4, and MgCrO4.

  10. Phosphates(PO43-) and carbonates(CO32-) are usually insoluble. Exceptions include salts of the Na+, K+, and NH4+ ions • Phosphoric acid is soluble H3PO4 • Ethanoic acid and ethanoates are also soluble

  11. Part 2 Write balanced equation • Find the reactants and products. • Write the equation in formula form • Balance the equation • Example: Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid  calcium chloride + carbon dioxide + water CaCO3 + 2HCl  CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

  12. Write state symbol in the bracket. (s) for solid, (aq) for aqueous, (g) for gas and (l) for liquid. • CaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq)  CaCl2(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

  13. Break the (aq) into ions. • CaCO3(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)  Ca2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) • cancel the same ions from both sides of the equation. • CaCO3(s) + 2H+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq)  Ca2+(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

  14. Write the remaining of the equation which is the ionic equation. • CaCO32-(s) + 2H+(aq)  Ca2+(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l)

  15. Another example • Sodium carbonate solution is mixed with copper(II) sulphate solution • Sodium carbonate + copper(II) sulphate  sodium sulphate + copper (II) carbonate • Na2CO3 + CuSO4 Na2SO4 + CuCO3 • Na2CO3(aq) + CuSO4(aq) Na2SO4(aq) + CuCO3(s) • 2Na+(aq) + CO32-(aq) + Cu2+(aq) + SO4(2-)(aq)  2Na+(aq) + SO4(aq) + CuCO3(s)

  16. 2Na+(aq) + CO32-(aq) + Cu2+(aq) + SO42-(aq)  2Na+(aq) + SO2-4(aq) + CuCO3(s) • So the ionic equation for the above chemical reaction is: • CO32-(aq) + Cu2+(aq) CuCO3(s) • Now complete the worksheet given

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