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From Nationalism to Independence: South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria

From Nationalism to Independence: South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria.  2011 Clairmont Press. South Africa - Beginnings. Founded in the mid-1600s by the Dutch as a trade post Dutch settlers were called the Boers

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From Nationalism to Independence: South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria

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  1. From Nationalism to Independence: South Africa, Kenya, and Nigeria  2011 Clairmont Press

  2. South Africa - Beginnings • Founded in the mid-1600s by the Dutch as a trade post • Dutch settlers were called the Boers • The British took over the colony in the early 1800s, which forced the Dutch north into Zulu territory • After warfare with the Zulus, the Dutch set up two new states: Transvaal and Orange Free State

  3. South Africa - Beginnings • Early 1900s – the two Dutch states were merged with British South Africa to form the Union of South Africa • British discovered large deposits of gold and diamonds • Native Africans formed the African National Congress (ANC) to protest against their unfair treatment as second-class citizens

  4. Apartheid • Apartheid – a strict system of separation of the races in South Africa • African National Congress worked to end this unfair system • Other countries placed embargos, or refusals to trade, on South Africa

  5. Apartheid

  6. End of Apartheid • By 1985, pressure from the embargos and the ANC forced the South African government to begin making changes. • 1994 – South Africa held its first multiracial elections and Nelson Mandela was elected as the country’s first black president.

  7. Kenya • Kenya gained its independence from British rule in 1964 under the leadership of Jomo Kenyatta and the Kenyan African National Union (KNAU). • Kenyatta’s government was not open or free. • Kenyatta, and later Daniel arapMoi, ran unopposed in every national election until the 1990s.

  8. Kenya • In the 1990s, the international community told Moi that unless Kenya improved their civil rights record, economic assistance from them would be cut off. • There has been some improvement in the political rights of Kenya’s people, but much more is needed.

  9. Kenya • Some argue that a traditional, western style democracy does not fit Kenya’s past or traditions. • The country remains a multi-party nation, technically, but in reality the KNAU still controls most of the government.

  10. Nigeria • Nigeria gained independence from Britain in 1960. • After only a few months, a civil war began between the Christian south and the Muslim north. • The war killed and injured thousands of people. • In the following years, there have been several military coups and outbreaks of violence.

  11. Nigeria • In 1999, elections were held that seemed more free and open, but the government remains unstable. • Nigeria has the potential to be wealthy from oil deposits, but as a result of government corruption, this resource has not been developed. • Nigeria must rely on foreign aid and supplies for its people.

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