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The Cold War: “Super” Collision

The Cold War: “Super” Collision. U . S . versus U . S . S . R . 1960s, 1970s & 1980s. The Cold War: 1960s. Leadership of the 1960s John F. Kennedy (U.S.: 1960 –1963)

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The Cold War: “Super” Collision

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  1. The Cold War: “Super” Collision U.S.versus U.S.S.R. 1960s, 1970s & 1980s

  2. The Cold War: 1960s • Leadership of the 1960s • John F. Kennedy (U.S.: 1960 –1963) • Nikita Khrushchev (Soviet Union: 1953 –1964)

  3. The Cold War: 1960s • Flexible Response • the U.S. can respond to aggression across a broad spectrum of warfare; not only to nuclear arms • Called for building up stock of conventional weapons • Began with the construction of ICBMs (Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles)

  4. The Cold War: 1960s • Bay of Pigs Invasion (April, 1961) • U.S. backedinvasion by anti-Castro Cuban exiles • FAILURE! No air support • Americans embarrassed since JFK & CIA planned the invasion

  5. The Cold War: 1960s • Cuban Missile Crisis (October, 1962) • Major confrontation between the US & USSR • Nuclear missiles site discovered in Cuba • Kennedy placed blockade on the island • Khrushchev agreed to remove missiles • A “Hot Line” was established between the White House and the Kremlin • US agreed to remove nuclear weapons from Turkey

  6. The Cold War: 1960s • Berlin Wall • The Berlin Wall began construction in 1961 • Separated East and West Berlin • What does this mean for Germany?

  7. Berlin Wall: construction begins in 1961

  8. The Cold War: 1970s • Leadership of the 1970s • Richard Nixon (US: 1969-1974) • Leonid Brezhnev (USSR:1964-1982) • Policy of Détente • A policy of “relaxation” in the relations between the US and Soviet Union • This DOES NOT mean that the US stopped fighting communism…just relaxed…

  9. The Cold War: 1970s • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I) • The US & the USSR signed a 5 year agreement to limit the number of “intercontinental ballistic and submarine launched missiles”

  10. Toward the end of the Cold War it got WARMER… Warsaw Pact Countries became nationalistic • they got tired of Soviet domination Awful Soviet economy • communism couldn’t keep up with capitalism Ronald Reagan won the arms race Mikhail Gorbachev let USSR see the West • Soviet people want what west has Expansion of NATO • NATO got more powerful USSR collapses • countries demand independence

  11. The Cold War: 1980s • Leadership of the 1980s • Ronald Reagan (1981 –1989) • Mikhail Gorbachev (1985 –1991)

  12. The Cold War: 1980s • Gorbachev’s Policies • Glasnost (openness) • Free flow of ideas • Perestroika (economic restructuring) • Small businesses allowed to open

  13. The Cold War: 1980s • Fall of the Berlin Wall • By the late 1980s, the East Germans were furious that their government had completely closed its borders; no one could leave • Horrible conditions – PROTESTS! • On November 9, 1989 the Berlin Wall was finally opened • Completely destroyed by 1990

  14. The Cold War: 1990s • By December 1991, all satellite nations had declared independence from the Soviet Union • Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) • Loose federation of the former USSR • Marks the death of the Soviet Union

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