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DIMMA: a completely unmanned Differential Image Motion Monitor

DIMMA: a completely unmanned Differential Image Motion Monitor. A.M. Varela (1) , L.F. Rodríguez-Ramos (1) , C. Muñoz-Tuñón (1) & M. Sosa (2). (1) Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Spain (2) Inerza, S.A., Spain. Site Selection for the European Extremely Large Telescope

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DIMMA: a completely unmanned Differential Image Motion Monitor

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  1. DIMMA: a completely unmanned Differential Image Motion Monitor A.M. Varela(1), L.F. Rodríguez-Ramos (1), C. Muñoz-Tuñón (1) & M. Sosa (2) (1) Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Spain (2) Inerza, S.A., Spain Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  2. Site Selection for the European Extremely Large Telescope http://www.eso.org/project/e-elt/ Backaskög, Suecia ELT Design Study, WP12000, Site Characterization J. Vernin, C. Muñoz-Tuñon, M. Sarazin Scope of WP12000 This WP covers the characterization of few sites for what concerns the seeing, ground climatology, atmospheric properties, [soil and seismicity]. Emphasis is put on already existing astronomical sites and on new physics corresponding to such a large telescope. The final report will help to select the best reasonable place to settle the ELT. Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  3. Structure of the Atmospheric Turbulence (+/- 500 m up to ca. 20km). • SCIDAR (Fuensalida et al..Avila et al..)// • SLODAR (Wilson, Sarazin… // MASS • Humidity and precipitable water vapour • Satellites (Varela et al…)// Climate diagnostic archives • Wind speed and direction, vertical profile in the BL • Climate diagnostic archives // SCIDAR // SODAR//AWS • Sodium layer density and height • Ground deformations and seismicity • Seeing or atmospheric coherence length. • DIMM, MASS,MASS-DIMM, SCIDAR, GSM, DIMMA • Airborne aerosols and properties… • Airborne particles counter//MFRSR//LIDAR //Satellites • Cloudiness, fog, and dust • Atmospheric extinction • Long-term meteorological parameters Satellites vs in situ tecnhiques Parameters and Tools Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  4. SEEING or atmospheric coherence length Differential Image Motion Monitor–DIMM-full atmospheric seeing (but the SL) with accurate < 0.1”1data/minuteaccurate, absolute and reproducible data; control tests are however important, see e.g. Tokovinin, 2003, Varela etal, 2003) Sarazin & Roddier, 1990, A&A, 227, 294. (ESO DIMM) Vernin & Muñoz-Tuñón, 1995, PASP, 107, 265 (DA/IAC DIMM) http://www.iac.es/project/sitesting/site.html http://www.eso.org.com MASS Free atmosphere seeing (“) , resolution? 5 atmospheric slabs from 1-16km.The 2 smallest MASS apertures can be conjugated to a negative altitude of –0.5 or –1km. Monitoring campaigns http://www.ctio.noao.edu/atokovinin/profiler/principle.html MASS-DIMM Full atmospheric seeing seeing. Resolution <0.1” Monitoring campaigns Tokovinin, NOAO-NSO Newsletter, Issue 77, 32-34, 2004 http://mass.ctio.noao.edu Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  5. Maidanak ORM (La Palma) OT (Tenerife) La Silla Happy Jack (4) Sierra Nevada Calar Alto San Pedro Mártir Arecibo (9.2) Sierra la Negra Oukaimeden Mauna Kea Paranal Las Campanas (2x6.5, 25.3) Cerro Tololo Cerro Pachon (4.2) Antarctica (25.3, 50...) Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  6. Ground (in situ) Air temperature 0.30-0.55ºC Soil and Subsoil Temp. “ Barometric Pressure 0.3mB Vapour pressure Relative Humidity 2% Wind Speed 0.3m/s for ws>3m/s Gusts 3% for ws>3m/s Wind direction 2% Rainfall 1% LONG-TERM METEOROLOGY Automatic Weather Stations GTC site-testing campaign: meteorologyT. Mahoney, C. Muñoz-Tuñón, and A.M. Varela. New Astronomy Reviews 42 (1998) 417-424 Climatic Diagnostic Archives (NCEP/NCAR), Balloons. http://www.cdc.noaa.gov Remote Sensing Climate diagnostic archives: an approach to ELT site selectionB.García-Lorenzo, Fuensalida, J.J., Mendizabal, E.G., Muñoz-Tuñón, C., & Varela, A. SPIE, 5572, 68(2005) Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  7. DIMM & 1 observer: (till full automatization :DIMMA) Seeing measurements 10-12 nights/month (in alternative weeks) from the last 15 years. Sample rate 1 data / 30 s. Precision better than 0.1 arcsec. Automatic Weather Station Meteorological parameters continously. Sample rate 1 data / minute. OBSERVING STRATEGY Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  8. OT (Tenerife) ORM (La Palma) Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  9. http://www.iac.es/project/sitesting/site.html Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  10. ORM: Several DIMMS, MASS-DIMM DIMM(A) OT: DIMM, MASS-DIMM Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  11. DIMMA: the IAC automated DIMM • DIMMA: Conceptual Design. • Rodríguez, Varela & Muñoz-Tuñón, 2004 • The DIMMA. • Muñoz-Tuñón, Varela & Rodríguez, 2004 • 1er Encuentro Astronomía Robótica, Madrid. • Completely automatic. No operator needed. • Using ideas and previous developments of earlier DIMMs. • Completely outsourced, if possible. • Use as many commercial off the shelf products as possible • Designed to be copied about a dozen times • To be placed in remote sites, with no infrastructure at all. • Powered using only photovoltaic solar energy • Capable of storing all relevant data, including housekeeping, seeing and weather • Featuring a built in software data quality checking module. • Self-protection incorporated. Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  12. RoboDIMM (ING, CTIO, ....) HDIMM (CARA) ADIMM (Automated DIMM-Oukaïmeden) ADIMM (Antarctica DIMM-JACARA) MASS-DIMM (automatic...Chile, SPM, ...) Etc. DIMM VERSIONS NOMENCLATURE?? BUT: • Weather checking (if yes, not yet able cloud and/or rain detection) • Dome closing and opening • Power supply • Risks evaluation • Quality control of the data • Etc. Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  13. Automatic Operation (pointing, tracking, selection and search of stars,...seeing calculation) Operation in isolated sites. Self-protection system. Evaluation of risks: Extreme weather conditions (winds, clouds, rain, gust, humidity, dust...) every 1 minute Break-down of sensors Unloading of the batteries Space on hard disk Intruders presence, ... DIMMA OBJETIVES Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  14. BLOCK DIAGRAM C8” ST-237 de Sta. Barbara Instruments: 657x495 pixels de 7.4x7.4 μm. Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  15. MAIN CHARACTERISTICS • Automatic point with less than 1 arc minute accuracy. • Automatic focusing with two independent systems. • Automatic dome opening and closing. • Automatic weather station integrated within the control system. • Web cameras for remote monitoring • Multisensor integration for robotic control • Database storage of both scientific and housekeeping data • Data quality checking (fwhml/fwhmt, focus, saturation, ….) • Wireless linked to the Ethernet • Powered by solar panels (7.7 m2) plus batteries (2x450 Ah). Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  16. DIMMA was developed by INERZA, S.A. (Gran Canaria, Spain) under contract by IAC. STATUS OF THE DIMMA Astro-Haven Dome 12m-Mast Residence DAU 5m-tower Solar Pannels • In June 2006 has started the DIMMA installation at the ORM at Las Lajitas. Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  17. Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  18. DIMMA INTERFACE Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  19. The DIMMA is now under calibration and validation process and will be fully • operative in spring 2007. Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

  20. Comparison DIMMA vs DIMM, RoboDIMM, SCIDAR y MASS-DIMM. DIMMA will be a reference for the MASS-DIMM (E-ELT FP6 site testing campaign) Second DIMMA will be installed in the next april 2007 at the Teide Observatory (site seeing on Thursday...?) Future Works More information: www.iac.es/project/sitesting/site.html www.inerza.com Tenerife, March 26-29, 2007

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