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Evolution and Diversity of Eukaryotes: A Journey Through Protists

Explore the fascinating evolution of eukaryotes, from their origins in the domain Eukarya to the development of complex endomembrane systems and organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts through endosymbiosis. Learn about the adaptive radiation of eukaryotes and discover key fossil and molecular evidence that sheds light on their evolutionary history.

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Evolution and Diversity of Eukaryotes: A Journey Through Protists

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  1. Protist Evolution BIOL 1407

  2. Domain Eukarya is Sister Taxon to Domain Archaea

  3. Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

  4. Evolution of Cytoskeleton • Some bacteria have proteins similar to actin & tubulin • Actin = MreB • Tubulin = FtsZ • More info: • http://www.palaeos.com/Eukarya/Eukarya.Origins.3.html • http://www.esrf.eu/UsersAndScience/Publications/Highlights/2001/life-sciences/LS10.html

  5. Endomembrane System • Endomembrane system of eukaryotes: • Nuclear envelope • ER • Golgi • Vesicles & vacuoles • ↑ Surface Area

  6. Evolution of Endomembrane System • Some bacteria: plasma membrane folded to inside

  7. Evolution of Endomembrane System

  8. Primary Endosymbiosis • Formed when host cell engulfs another prokaryote • Mutualistic relationship develops • Become a single cell

  9. Evidences for Primary Endosymbiosis • Size • Enzymes and transport systems • Binary fission • Circular chromosome • Genome still active • Ribosomes • DNA sequences

  10. Evolution of Mitochondria • Molecular evidence • Alpha proteobacteria is sister taxon to mitochondria

  11. Primary Endosymbiosis

  12. Evolution of Chloroplasts • Molecular evidence • Cyanobacteria is sister taxon to chloroplasts

  13. Secondary Endosymbiosis • Eukaryotic cell engulfed by another eukaryote • Evolves into an organelle

  14. Adaptive Radiation of Eukaryotes

  15. Fossil Evidence • Earliest body fossils: 2.1 bya • Fossil cysts (acritarchs) of dinoflagellate ancestors • Molecular fossils: 2.7 bya • Sterols (Acritarch)

  16. The End Unless otherwise specified, all images in this presentation came from: Campbell, et al. 2008. Biology, 8th ed. Pearson Benjamin Cummings.

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