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Outcomes

Outcomes. • Examine the role of geography in the development of Egyptian society. the Nile. North The Nile flows into the Mediterranean Sea. South. Egypt “The Nile”.

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Outcomes

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  1. Outcomes • Examine the role of geography in the development of Egyptian society.

  2. the Nile North The Nile flows into the Mediterranean Sea. South

  3. Egypt “The Nile” • The Nile River, longest river in the world (6741 kilometers) • Shaped like a lotus flower, Egyptian symbol for the regeneration of life. • Upper Nile divides into three tributaries (White, Blue, Atbara)

  4. Egypt “The Nile” • Unlike the Euphrates and Tigris River flooding was relatively predictable • From July to September • Created a rich and fertile layer of alluvial soil

  5. Vocabulary • Inundation- to flood; cover or overspread with water; deluge. • Alluvial deposit- clay or silt or gravel carried by rushing streams and deposited where the stream slows down. • Tributaries- a stream that flows to a larger stream or other body of water. • Papyrus- a material on which to write, prepared from thin strips of the pith of this plant laid together, soaked, pressed, and dried, used by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans.

  6. ORIGIN OF THE NILE

  7. Flooding • The Flooding of the Nile created extremely fertile land. • Facilitated intensive agriculture (critical element of civilized life) • Flooding was the only sustainable water source for crops. • Irrigation canals (control) / rainfall non-existent

  8. Egyptian marshes and the Domestication of animals • Marshes and wetlands also provided fish, birds, animals, and insects • Variety of animals ( cattle, oxen, sheep, goats, pigs, ducks and geese).

  9. Egyptian marshes and the Domestication of animals • Hunted hippopotamus, but left crocodiles alone (feared the gods) • Provided a rich variety of plants (papyrus, reeds and water lilies( perfume) • Papyrus, and reeds used to make rope, mats, baskets, huts and light skiffs (boats)

  10. Egyptian calendar • Ancient Egyptians followed a calendar system of 360 days: • three seasons • each season made up of 4 months • thirty days in each month.

  11. Egypt was the gift of the Nile • The Nile enriched the land for Egyptian farmers. • Civilization thrived because of the Nile’s consistency. • The inundation of the Nile was deified as the god Hapi (Hapy)

  12. Egypt was the “gift of the Nile” Problems Benefits Soil fertility Unifying Transportation artery Aridity floods Boundaries marked (annually) Abundance of food Irrigation Need to predict flood cycle Shipbuilding surveying Need for storage Trade Occupational Specialization measurement records Need for records calendar Writing and geometry Astronomy

  13. Need to ensure material well- being by calling upon the supernatural Need for rainmaker/God/King= Pharaoh Priest Class Ritual Need to ensure reincarnation of the Pharaoh and to provide for the afterlife Magicspells Book of the Dead Tombs Temples Architects Masons Embalming Anatomy Medicine Painting Sculpture Artists Craftsmen Hieroglyphics Scribes

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