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Chapter 18

Chapter 18. Cold War. Click here for vocabulary test practice. Vocabulary practice. 1. History of conflict: 1957- space race 1960- Russians shot down an American spy plane 1970- Détente- Strategic Arms Limitation talks. 1975- space cooperation 1980- Olympic boycott (Miracle on Ice).

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Chapter 18

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  1. Chapter 18 Cold War

  2. Click here for vocabulary test practice Vocabulary practice

  3. 1. History of conflict: • 1957- space race • 1960- Russians shot down an American spy plane • 1970- Détente- Strategic Arms Limitation talks. • 1975- space cooperation • 1980- Olympic boycott (Miracle on Ice) USA vs. USSR

  4. Red Scare: Fear of communism • Bomb shelters: Americans • Joseph McCarthy- US senator: McCarthism (everyone is a communist) He wanted to rid the US of anyone who is a communist. USA vs. USSR

  5. Prevent war/ keep peace/ help (success or failure?) • General Assembly: every country has an ambassador that represents the country’s interests. Each country gets 1 vote. Make suggestions (193 members currently) • Security Council: 15 members (5 permanent (nuclear weapons) US, Russia (USSR), Great Britain, France, and China.) They have the power to veto. Other countries are on rotation every 2 years. Each has a vote. • Economic sanctions: stop trade with that country. • UN military-soldiers from any of the countries. Goal/ Structure of UN

  6. A. rebuild Europe- George Marshall (US secretary of state) • B. Goal: stop communism 1945-1990 • C. USA- buy Allies (Western Europe, Japan, Iraq) • D. How much? (12.5 billion after WWII) Did not give anything to communist countries. Portugal: 51 mil.; Greece: 707 mil.; Austria: 678 mil.; Turkey: 225 mil.; Italy: 1.509 bil.; France 2.714 bil.; Belgium/ Luxenbourg: 546 mil.; Netherland: 1.084 bil.; West Germany: 1.391 bil; Denmark: 273 mil.; Sweden: 107 mil.; Norway 236 mil.; Ireland and UK: 3.19 bil. • Big differnce: US spends 711billion on military. China spends 143 billon. (2012) • US is the policeman of the world. (that takes money) It starts with the Marshall Plan. Marshall Plan

  7. A. definition: policy created by the US to stop the spread of communism. (George Kennan) • Communist: North Korea, China, Southeast Asia, Vietnam, Cuba (today) • B. examples: Korean War (1950-1953) North invades the South. Vietnam War. Containment

  8. A. Harry Truman: President • B. definition: US has the right to help anyone we want. (free people) resisting armed aggression. (USA gives the USA the right.) Examples: Korean War, Vietnam War, Operation Desert Storm, War on Terrorism. Truman Doctrine

  9. Soviets Blockade West Berlin • Goal WW3 with West Berlin • US response: fly everything to West Berlin • Soviet response: Berlin wall- wall separating East/West Berlin • Soviet goal: stop people from leaving • Symbol of Cold War • Wall falls: end of Cold War • Bay of Pigs Invasion: (Cuba 1961) Fidel Castro- Cuba/Communist • Nikita Khruschev- USSR • JFK- USA Berlin Airlift

  10. Plan: Arm Cuban revolutionaries (CIA training, invade Bay of Pigs, Start Cuban revolution. • Results: Failure • JFK look weak. Too young to be president, too inexperienced, relationship with military. (not good) Kennedy Presidency

  11. USA, USSR, Cuba • Kennedy, Khruschev, Castro • Balance of Power- USA, USSR • MAD: Mutual Assured Destruction • USSR: put missiles in Cuba (90 miles from USA) in response to Bay of Pigs. • U-2 spy plane (USA) • Kennedy’s options: nuclear attack, limited attack, international politics, blockade (Cuba). • Threats (ultimatum) or ignore it, or invade Cuba. • JFK’s decision: blockade, ultimatum. It worked Khruschev blinked. Cuban Missile Crisis

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