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THE GREAT WAR

THE GREAT WAR. aka, WWI. Four M.A.I.N. Causes. Militarism  Everyone building weapons & armies to protect empires Alliances Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Triple Entente – France, Russia, Great Britain

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THE GREAT WAR

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  1. THE GREAT WAR aka, WWI

  2. Four M.A.I.N. Causes • Militarism  Everyone building weapons & armies to protect empires • Alliances • Triple Alliance – Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy • Triple Entente – France, Russia, Great Britain • Imperialism Extending political & economic control for resources & markets = POWER • Nationalism  Devotion to the interests & culture of one’s nation • Many ethnic groups want independence away from countries like Austria-Hungary & Russia

  3. Murder in Bosnia OF an Austrian by a Serbian . . . • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne • Killed by Serbian nationalist • Alliance system pulls a bunch of countries into defending one another = WAR begins

  4. The Key Players Allied Powers • France • Great Britain • Russia (leaves 1917) • United States (enters 1917) Central Powers • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Ottoman Empire

  5. The Western Front - 1914

  6. Trench WarFAre no man’s land Various trenches

  7. American Neutrality, But . . . • Many immigrants still had ties to Europe • U.S. had strong ties to Britain • U.S. heavily traded with Allied Powers • Americans traded even more with France and Britain once war began • By 1915, U.S. experienced a labor shortage

  8. American Neutrality Fades • British blockade stops American goods from getting to Germany • German U-Boats decide to sink ships near Britain • Nov. 1916, Wilson wins re-election with slogan, “He Kept Us Out of War!”

  9. U.S. Heads into WWI • Wilson tries diplomacy to end war but, Germans decide to sink ALL ships • Zimmerman telegram • Germany offers Mexico $$$$ if they ally with Germany against the U.S. • April 1917 - Wilson requests Congress to declare war, Congress officially declares war!

  10. America Mobilizes • America not prepared for war • Selective Service Act • 2 million troops sent, 1.5 million fought • Convey system to stop German subs • British warships would escort U.S. and other ships safely • U.S. troops in Paris by July 4, 1917 • U.S. troops add freshness & enthusiasm to war

  11. New Weapons & New Hazards • Machine guns • Tanks • Airplanes • Poison gases • Filth, lice, rats, etc. • Poison gas • Decaying bodies • Trench foot • Trench mouth • WWI bloodiest war in history up to that time . . . • 22 million killed (half civilians), 20 million wounded, 10 million refugees • U.S. – 48,000 killed, 62,000 dead of disease, 200,000 wounded

  12. War at Home • Streamlined industry to increase production • Food intake at home “monitored” • “Sold” the war with bonds and propaganda • Anti-immigrant feelings & laws • Espionage & Sedition Acts • African Americans fought & aided war effort • Women aided war effort

  13. Wilson Fights for Peace • January 1918, Treaty of Versailles begins with the “Big Four” (U.S., France, Britain, Italy) • Central powers & Russia not included in discussion • Wilson presents Fourteen Points for World Peace • Prevent another war, fix boundaries, League of Nations • Treaty of Versailles • Created new nations; Germans to pay reparations • Weaknesses: War-guilt clause; Russian losses • U.S. ends up not joining League of Nations “The war to end all wars . . .”

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