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The Art of Poetry. The Language of Words. Literal Language A word means exactly what it says: A rose is the physical flower. A desk is a piece of furniture. A building is a structure. An eye is part of a face. The Language of Words. Figurative Language
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The Language of Words Literal Language A word means exactly what it says: A rose is the physical flower. A desk is a piece of furniture. A building is a structure. An eye is part of a face.
The Language of Words Figurative Language Any language that goes beyond the literal meaning of words in order to furnish new effects or fresh insights into an idea or a subject. My love is like a red, red rose.
Practice What You’ve Learned #1 Label each of the following as either L for literal or F for figurative language. • I will love you until the earth stops spinning on its axis. • My rebellious feet refused to go another step. • The desk is sitting in the corner of the room. • My road leads me seaward. • Jillian and Joe are two excellent students. • Dear God! The very houses seem asleep. • My heart leaps up when I behold… • Ten rioters were arrested at the demonstration.
Types of Figurative Language Simile A comparison of two dissimilar things using "like" or "as.” Your smile is like a glowing pumpkin, filling my heart with warmth.
Types of Figurative Language Metaphor A comparison of two dissimilar things that DOES NOT use words such as "like" or "as.” They are usually joined by “is” or “are” (but not always). My soul is a butterfly soaring through the skies.
Types of Figurative Language Personification Treating abstractions or inanimate objects as human, that is, giving them human attributes, powers, or feelings. Snow had wrapped a white blanket over the earth.
Practice What You’ve Learned #2 Identify each of the following as S for simile, M for metaphor, or P for personification. • The moon with delight doth look around her. • This Sea bares her bosom to the moon. • The Child is father of the Man. • Thy soul was like a star. • And soon I heard a roaring wind. • Your life is a train wreck about to happen. • Your eyes are like sparkling diamonds. • My rebellious feet refuse to go another step.
Types of Figurative Language Apostrophe An address to a person who is absent or dead , a thing, or abstraction (such as love, death, sorrow). Apostrophes are generally capitalized. O death, where is thy sting? Romeo, Romeo! where for art thou Romeo? O, pardon me, thou bleeding piece of earthO black night, nurse of the golden stars!"
Types of Figurative Language Hyperbole Exaggeration, often extravagant; it may be used for serious or for comic effect. • My eyes widened at the sight of the mile-high ice cream cones we were having for dessert. • These books in your bag weigh a ton. • I am so tired I could sleep for a year. • I'm so hungry, I could eat a horse right now. • He is older than the hills. • I will die if she asks me to dance. • She is as big as an elephant!
Hiss Types of Figurative Language Onomatopoeia A word whose sounds seem to duplicate the sounds it describes. Buzz Clang Meow Growl
Types of Figurative Language Oxymoron A statement with two parts which seem contradictory. sad joy Hamlet's saying, "I must be cruel only to be kind“ a wise fool the sound of silence Rolling stop Jumbo shrimp Tragic comedy A definite maybe Original copy Only choice Liquid gas
Practice What You’ve Learned #3 Identify each of the following as H for hyperbole, A for apostrophe, ON for onomatopoeia, or OX for oxymoron. • O Shakespeare! Why aren’t you here to explain this sonnet? • Accurate estimate • Milton! Thou should be living at this hour. • I’m so hungry I could eat the shingles off my roof! • It is best to act naturally when getting interviewed. • The thunder boomed in the background, as the lightning clashed violently with the murky sky. • You are awfully nice to do this favor for me. • I have a million things to do today.
Common Poetic Techniques Alliteration The repetition of consonant sounds in words that are close to one another. As the sad boy sat on the side of the road he chucked his toy chicken at the children. Really radrocks really rock me. Willy Wally wants Wanda to be his woman.
Common Poetic Techniques Assonance The repetition of vowel sounds in words that are close to one another. We see the leaves floating in the sea. Rude Sue shopped for blue boots. Why do I have such bug eyes?
Practice What You’ve Learned #4 Identify each of the following as AL for alliteration and AS for assonance. • The wind whistled through the windows. • The road is rarely right for me. • My road leads me seaward. • Pity the possum who sees Patty. • Sand castles sitting on the sea. • We need to see the beef. • Who knew you threw the ball?
Common Types of Poetry Free Verse • The most common type of poetry, especially for amateur writers who write just for pleasure. • Has no requirements! • Does not have to rhyme (but it can)! • Does not have a certain length. • Does not have to be on a certain topic. • Does have a natural rhythm to it! • Reflects the writer’s deepest feelings.
Examples of Free Verse Heroes Aresometimescourageous collaborators,sometimesoriginators of opportunities,sometimeschampions of coincidence or circumstance.Sometimesheroes act through intelligenceand at other timesthrough ignorance
Examples of Free Verse Fogby Carl SandburgThe fog comeson little cat feet.It sits lookingover harbor and cityon silent haunchesand then moves on.
Common Types of Poetry Haiku "Haiku" is a traditional form of Japanese poetry. • Haiku poems consist of 3 lines. • The first and last lines of a Haiku have 5 syllables and the middle line has 7 syllables. • The lines rarely rhyme. • Note: A syllable is a part of a word pronounced as a unit. It is usually made up of a vowel alone or a vowel with one or more consonants. The word "Haiku" has two syllables: Hai-ku; the word "introduction" has four syllables: in-tro-duc-tion.
Haiku Here's a Haiku to help you remember: I am first with fiveThen seven in the middle --Five again to end. Because Haikus are such short poems, they are usually written about things that are recognizable to the reader.
Haiku Basho Matsuo is known as the first great poet of Haiku. An old silent pond... A frog jumps into the pond, splash! Silence again. by Basho (1644-1694)
Haiku Here is an example of dividing a haiku into syllables of 5/7/5. Burst/ing in bright huesSplash/ingcol/ors all a/boutAu/tumn leaves must fall
Now it’s your turn #5 1. Write a free verse poem on the following topic (at least 10 lines): Heroes are… 2. Write a concrete poem and make sure the outline has something to do with the topic of your poem. 3. Write a haiku on any topic related to nature.
Common Types of Poetry Couplets • You know a couple means two. So a couplet is a pair of lines of poetry that are usually rhymed. There are lots of ways to write different types of couplets. Couplets can also be used to "build" other poems. "If turkeys gobble, Do Pilgrims squabble?"
Couplets Examples of Couplets If cars go zoom, exhaust smoke will plume! If the phone rings, hope then still clings. Wave after wave in hills each other crowds, As if the deeps resolved to storm the clouds.
Common Types of Poetry Quatrains • The word quatrain comes from Latin and French words meaning "four." The quatrain is a poem or stanza of four lines. It is a very popular form of poetry: The worried efforts of the busy heap,The dirt, the imprecision, and the beerProduce a few smart wisecracks every year; Laugh if you can, but you will have to leap.
Quatrains Oh the birds are singing,In a nest of broken sticks,Look what they are bringing,It's nutrition for their chicks.
Quatrains The Mountain The mountain frames the sky (a) As a shadow of an eagle flies by. (a) With clouds hanging at its edge (b) A climber proves his courage on its rocky ledge. (b) Did you notice that a quatrain is formed by two rhyming couplets? Easy! This pattern is called aabb. The first line rhymes with the second (sky and by) and the third line rhymes with the fourth line (edge and ledge). Other patterns are abab and abba.
Common Types of Poetry Lyric Poems • Poetry that focuses on expressing emotions or thoughts, rather than telling a story. • Most lyric poems are short and they usually imply rather than directly state ONE single emotion, such as bitterness, love, jealousy, or joy. • Many lyric poems were originally meant to be sung and have a rhythmic quality to them.
Lyric Poems Dreams Hold fast to dreamsFor if dreams dieLife is a broken-winged birdThat canot fly. Hold fast to dreamsFor when dreams goLife is a barren fieldFrozen with snow.
Lyric Poems A Red, Red, Rose O, my Luve's like a red, red rose, That's newly sprung in June. O, my luve's like the melodie, That's sweetly play'd in tune.As fair art thou, my bonie lass, So deep in luve am I, And I will luve thee still, my Dear, Till a' the seas gang dry.Till a' the seas gang dry, my Dear, And the rocks melt wi' the sun! O I will luve thee still, my Dear, While the sands o' life shall run.And fare thee weel, my only Luve, And fare thee weel a while! And I will come again, my Luve, Tho' it were ten thousand mile!
Lyric Poems Nature's first green is gold, Her hardest hue to hold. Her early leaf's a flower; But only so an hour. Then leaf subsides to leaf. So Eden sank to grief, So dawn goes down to day.Nothing gold can stay.
Homework Write a lyric poem relating to some strong emotion you have: love, anger, happiness, sorrow, melancholy, etc. • Must be at least 24 lines in length. • Must have a title • Must use 3 figurative language devices
