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DNA

DNA. Structure and Function. WHAT IS DNA?. DNA stands for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid The main job of DNA is to make PROTEINS. Function of DNA. DNA contains genes that codes for all of our traits It is your genetic material or “program” or “blueprint”

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DNA

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  1. DNA Structure and Function

  2. WHAT IS DNA? • DNA stands for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid • The main job of DNA is to make PROTEINS

  3. Function of DNA • DNA contains genes that codes for all of our traits • It is your genetic material or “program” or “blueprint” • DNA is what makes youfunction and be who you are today • Passed from cell to cell

  4. Location of DNA • DNA is found in the nucleusof the cellfor eukaryotes • DNA is found in the cytoplasm for prokaryotes (ex: bacteria) • Our genes are on our chromosomes. • Chromosomes are made up of a chemical called DNA

  5. Building Blocks of DNA • Each nucleotide consists of • Deoxyribose (5-carbon sugar) • Phosphate group • A nitrogen-containing base (A, G, T, C)

  6. Phosphate Group O=P-O O CH2 O N Nitrogenous base (A, G, C, or T) C C Sugar (deoxyribose) C C Nucleotide Structure

  7. A or G T or C Nitrogen Bases • Adenine (A) • Guanine (G) • Thymine (T) • Cytosine (C)

  8. Structure of DNA • Double Helix: Watson-Crick Model • Strands are held together by hydrogen bondsbetween bases • The sides are a sugar-phosphate backbone, while the “rungs” of the ladder are the bases. • The DNA strands run in opposite directions

  9. Base-Pairing Rules • Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) • Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G)

  10. There are two classes of nitrogen bases called purines (double-ringed structures) and pyrimidines (single-ringed structures). The four bases in DNA's alphabet are: • adenine (A) - a purine • cytosine(C) - a pyrimidine • guanine (G) - a purine • thymine (T) - a pyrimidine

  11. DNA COPY PRACTICE • Make a copy of the following DNA Sequence: • DNA (Original): C G G T A • COPY: G C C A T • DNA(Original): A T C G C G A A • COPY: T A G C G C T T

  12. Chargaff’s Rule • A = T C = G • A+T+C+G = 100 • For example: The DNA is made up of 15% Adenine. Figure out the amount of the other nitrogen bases. • Adenine = Thymine Thymine = 15 • (a)G+C+15+15=100 (b)100-15-15=G+C (c)100-30 = 70 • G+C = 70 and Guanine =Cytosine • G= 35 and C=35 • Therefore: A=15%, T=15%, G=35%, C=35%

  13. Practice Problem • The DNA is made up of 30% Cytosine, figure out the amount of the other nitrogen bases. • Cytosine = Guanine G=30 • 30+30+A+T=100 • A+T= 100-30-30 • T+A=40 • A=20, T=20 • Therefore: G=30, C=30, A=20, T=20

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