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Radiation Quantities and Units

Radiation Quantities and Units. Chapter 3 Sherer Chapter 33 Bushong. Somatic effects Long term somatic Genetic effects Box 3-1. Quality Factor, pg 56 Sherer "rate in which energy is deposited in the form of a charged particle or ion pair as it travels through matter" LET pg 57 Sherer

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Radiation Quantities and Units

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  1. Radiation Quantities and Units Chapter 3 Sherer Chapter 33 Bushong

  2. Somatic effects • Long term somatic • Genetic effects • Box 3-1

  3. Quality Factor, pg 56 Sherer • "rate in which energy is deposited in the form of a charged particle or ion pair as it travels through matter" • LET pg 57 Sherer • Radiographic isotopes pg 46 Bushong • ionization pg. 5 Bushong • Natural sources of radiation, pg 5 Bushong

  4. QUALITY FACTOR (QF) • measure of biologic impact or damage of a particular type of radiation • Rem = RAD x QF • LETS of 3% or less have a QF of 1 = same amount of damage of rad per rem • QUALITY FACTOR OF ALPHA IS 20 See box Table 3-1 Sherer • 1 RAD = 20 REM FOR ALPHA PARTICLE ABSORPTION

  5. WHICH HAS A HIGHER LET NUMBER? • X-rays (HIGH OR LOW?) • Alpha (HIGH OR LOW?) • Beta (HIGH OR LOW?) • Gamma (HIGH OR LOW?)

  6. NON-STOCHASTIC AKA (DETERMINISTIC) STOCHASTIC AKA PROBABILISTIC Radiation Induced Responses

  7. Exposure (X) Absorbed dose (D) Equivalent dose (EqD) Effective dose (EfD) What strikes the body Deposit of energy in body Calculated based on absorbed dose and associated radiation weighting factor (type/energy of a specific radiation) More tissues radiosensitive than others (tissue weighting factor see Table 3-3 What do they mean?

  8. WR associated with Equivalent Dose- table 3-2 • WT associated with Effective Dose- table 3-3

  9. Radiobiology and Cellular Biology (Bushong Chapter 33)

  10. When an atom is ionized • Chemical binding properties change • in large molecules: breakage or relocation of molecules…become abnormal • Abnormal means • Function improperly • cease to function -impairment or death of cell

  11. Damage is Reversible • Ionized atoms become neutral…How? • Molecules are mended by repair enzymes • Immediate response to radiation • Latent response • Pg 484 (Bushong) see Box 33-1

  12. RADIATION INTERACTS AT ATOMIC LEVEL • Atoms combine to form molecules • The body is made of macromolecules • What is the definition of macromolecules?

  13. With this kind of potential damage…. The government tends to get involved CHAPTER 7 SHERER

  14. YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN • ICRP • NCRP • UNSCEAR • NAS/NRC-BEIR • NRC • EPA • FDA • OSHA

  15. DEFINE • RSC • RSO • NCRP REPORT NO 116

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