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Developmental Plasticity and Symbiosis. Environment is not as bad as we thought Reaction Norm vs. Polyphenism Environmental regulation of phenotypes Learning. Nature vs Nurture?. Plasticity. Phenotypic Developmental. Reaction Norm. Polyphenism.
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Developmental Plasticity and Symbiosis • Environment is not as bad as we thought • Reaction Norm vs. Polyphenism • Environmental regulation of phenotypes • Learning
Plasticity • Phenotypic • Developmental
Dung Beetles and Ants: Diet-induced polyphenisms • Queen Ant vs Worker Ant • Horned male Dung Beetles: Protector of the Female.
Diet and Gene regulation • DNA methylation • viable-yellow of Agouti- transposon in cis-regulatory element.
Predator-induced Polyphenisms • Kairomones
Predator-induced Polyphenisms: Amphibians • More muscle mass in tail. • Kairomones can make the tadpole more sensitive to environmental insults: fertilizers et al. Figure 17.6
Good Vibrations Fig. 17.7 Geronimo
Learning • No division • New Neurons • Changing connections
Experience and vision • Hubel and Wiesel (1960s) • Right eye occluded for 3 months • Occurs within 4 to 6 weeks of birth
Life cycle and Polyphenisms • Diapause • Larval Settlement
Symbiosis • Parasitism • Mutualism • Commensalism
Developmental Symbiosis: passing on the help • Vertical transmission • Horizontal transmission • Wolbachia infection
Shedding light on symbiosis • Euprymna-Vibrio • Light organ development and luminescence
Obligate mutualism Filariasis worm and Wolbachia Spotted Salamander and Oophiliaamblystomatis