PLANNING THE ENTERPRISE DATABASE

1. PLANNING THE ENTERPRISE DATABASE Chandra S. Amaravadi

2. IN THIS PRESENTATION.. • Introduction • Enterprise Analysis Methodology • Enterprise Data Model • Planning process • Resource requirements

3. THE DEVELOPMENT CYCLE The database development cycle starts with planning: • Planning • Analysis (Requirements definition) • Design (Logical & Physical) • Implementation • Maintenance

4. INTRODUCTION

5. PLANNING IN GENERAL What are some situations that require planning? What happens if you don’t plan?

6. WITHOUT ADEQUATE PLANNING Problems caused by inadequate planning: • Organizational changes impact development • Cause project schedule changes • Rework • In-accurate estimation of resources • Project may be halted DATABASE PLANNING

7. ABOUT DATABASE PLANNING Database planning is carried out before the rest of the development cycle, to obtain an idea of the extent and scope of the project and the resource requirements. Typical issues addressed are: • How large will the database be? • What areas of the organization? • How many analysts will it require? • What are the HW/SW needs?

8. ENTERPRISE PLANNING METHODOLOGY (also called Business Systems Planning)

9. ENTERPRISE PLANNING METHODOLOGY A method of planning that covers the entire organization. • Study processes and data (information classes) • map processes with data (EA matrix) • develop Enterprise Data Model (EDM) • develop a preliminary idea of requirements

10. NOTION OF A BUSINESS PROCESS Examples of business processes are: • Registration • Order raw materials • Production planning • job set up A process is a group of related activities

11. PROCESSES ARE PART OF FUNCTIONS Function: a broad grouping of related processes Process: a broad grouping of related activities Activity: a step in a process; an individual action Function Process1 Process2 Process3 Activity1 Activity2 Activity3

12. FUNCTIONS PROCESSES & ACTIVITIES CAR MAINTENANCE ? ? ? ? ? ?

13. ACTIVITY—DATA RELATIONSHIP FN./PROCESS/ACTIVITY CAN • Create data (C) • Update/Use data (U) • Delete data (D) WHAT DATA DO THESE CREATE/UPDATE? • Registration • Order raw materials • Maintaining an equipment • Quality control

14. AN ENTERPRISE ANALYSIS MATRIX

15. CREATING AN EA MATRIX • draw a table with a large top row • Used to list information classes • identify all information classes • E.g. course schedule, student • list them in the heading after first column • identify all processes • list all processes in the first column, (skip first row) • Whenever a process uses an information class use “C” or “U” to denote creates and uses.

16. FOR DISCUSSION Create an Enterprise Analysis matrix for a university

17. ENTERPRISE DATA MODEL (also called Planning Model)

18. ENTERPRISE DATA MODEL(EDM) An Enterprise Data Model (EDM) is a preliminary data model created during planning to understand ??? needs.

19. ENTERPRISE DATA MODEL.. • Depicts eclasses & relationships [Name written on relationship] • Does not show ??? • Use only horizontal and vertical lines 1:1 A B A B 1:M A B M:N

20. DEVELOPING AN EDM has PRODUCT WARRANTY produced PRODUCT* SHIFTS has PRODUCT DEFECTS *Assume a complex product

21. ENTERPRISE DATA MODEL(EDM) Has an LEASE BUILDING OWNER Associated with Leased to Signed by PARCEL TENANT

22. FOR DISCUSSION Draw an Enterprise Data model for a university

23. THE PLANNING PROCESS

24. PLANNING PRE-REQUISITES Requirements to be fulfilled before planning starts: • Top management commitment • green signal • public acknowledgement • 2. Project team • database analysts • team co-ordinators

25. THE PLANNING META MODEL.. Organization descr. of information gathered during planning. CSFs Functions Processes E class Application CSF: Critical Success Factor; a business variable that is very important to success

26. CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS Factors critical to success of organization • Key resources – e.g. specialists • Key processes – e.g. patient care • Key activities – e.g. MRI

27. PLANNING STEPS 1. Identify organizational background e.g. functions, processes, strategies, # of employees 2. Identify information used/created by functions/processes 3. Develop planning matrices e.g. function vs CSF, process vs eclass etc. 4. Develop Enterprise Data Model 5.Define scope of the development, project teams. 6. Develop planning report

28. ELEMENTS OF A DATABASE PLAN (REPORT) • Exec Summary • Organizational background • Enterprise Analysis results/Data Models • Hardware/Software recommendations • Implementation plan

29. PLANNING OUTCOMES Outcomes of database planning are: • Understanding of the organization’s requirements. • Planning matrices • Preliminary data model (Enterprise model) • Project planning • scope, priorities, team assignment • Resource requirements for database development hardware, software, personnel

30. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS AND PITFALLS

31. RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS FOR ENTERPRISE PLANNING FROM A STUDY OF NINE ORGANIZATIONS: • Cost from $450,000 - $2 m • Team size 10-15 • Duration 31/2 months - one year

32. PLANNING PITFALLS Planning fails because: • insufficient management support • organizational direction not clearly known • strategic IS plan not available or up-to-date • lack of co-ordination among planning sub-units

33. DISCUSSION • What stage in the development process is planning carried out? • What do we accomplish in database planning? • What would be the essential elements of a database plan? • Why do we need to study org. functions? • What does the Enterprise Data Model show? • What are CSFs, apart from expansion of definition? • How can we identify critical processes? • How can we prioritize database development? • What are the common causes of failure in the planning process?

34. THAT’S ALL FOLKS!