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What Changes and Moves Underground

Plate Tectonics & Thermal Energy. What Changes and Moves Underground. P. Plate Tectonics - The study of the formation and movement of plates is called plate tectonics. Lithosphere - Together the crust and the upper mantle make up the lithosphere.

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What Changes and Moves Underground

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  1. Plate Tectonics & Thermal Energy • What Changes and Moves Underground P

  2. Plate Tectonics- The study of the formation and movement of plates is called plate tectonics. Lithosphere- Together the crust and the upper mantle make up the lithosphere. Asthenosphere- The lithosphere is directly above this layer. This is the layer thought to cause plate movement. Spreading centers- The area where the lithosphere plates are moving. Fault- A break or crack in Earth's crust along which movement has occurred. Converging Boundary- forms when two plates come together Vocabulary

  3. Plate Tectonics • The lithosphere, or Earth's outermost layer is broken into 7 large pieces. They are known as North American, South American, Eurasian, Australian, Antarctic, and Pacific plates • The plates move in different directions at different speeds • They move at about 2 centimeters to 10 centimeters per year. • There are three types of plate boundaries. • Convergent Boundaries- crashing • Divergent Boundaries- pulling apart • Transform boundaries- side swiping

  4. Rock Cycle • There are three types of rocks; Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary rock. • Igneous rock is formed when magma cools and then it is made into crystals. It can form underground very slowly or above ground very quickly • Magma is a very hot liquid made up of melted minerals. If cooled they can turn into crystals • Sedimentary rock is created by the wind and water, which breaks up rocks into smaller pieces called sediments. These pieces get clumped together to create a sedimentary rock layer. • The rock cycle never ends. It is continuous

  5. Convection Currents and Density • Density is the amount of anything in a certain space Currents are a flow of water, air, or any liquid (or gas). Convection currents are circular currents or movement within a liquid (or gas) due to different densities of the hotter and cooler parts. Hot liquids are less dense than cold and will rise.

  6. plate motion (leader Dr. John Beavan) Historical Information The theory of plate tectonics is based upon global observations of earthquakes and volcanoes, which are concentrated in narrow bands on Earth, and rocks and fossils that are very similar, but are now separated by vast distances. It is widely accepted that the surface of the Earth is divided into about twelve tectonic plates, with relative movements occurring at their boundaries. We use modern methods to critically examine and advance the theory of plate tectonics, and use the theory to determine what ancient motions have occurred through New Zealand. History of plate motion (leader Dr. Rupert Sutherland): Antarctic deformation (leader Dr. Nick Mortimer)

  7. Real life Application • Plate tectonics and thermal energy can make earthquakes, volcanoes, and tsunamis. • Over millions of years volcanoes break up soil and make it more fertile. • Many types of useful ore are deposited from volcanoes. • Fossil fuels are made from plates moving underground. • Geothermal energy can be harnessed from volcanoes that still give off heat. How These Things Are Good

  8. Bibliography Gardiner, Lisa. "Plate tectonics." Window to Universe. February 26, 2007. 1 Oct 2007 <http://www.ucmp/berkely.edu/geology/tectonics.html>. Kobes, and Kunstatter, Randy, and Gabor. "Convection." Physics 1501- Modern Technology. September. 1999. University of Winnipeg. 1 Oct 2007 <http://theory.uwinnipeg.ca/mod_tech/tech.html>. "Plate tectonics and people." USGS. 05.05.99. USGS. 1 Oct 2007 <http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dynamic/tectonics.html>. Crystal, Ellie. "Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics." Crystalinks. 1995-2007. Ellie Crystal. 1 Oct 2007 <http://www.crystalinks.com/tectonicplates.html>. "Plate Tectonics." Ring of fire. 5/13/03. USGS. september 29, 2007 http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Glossary/PlateTectonics/description_plate_tectonics.html "Plate tectonics." Earth floor. April 28, 2005. Wheeling Jesuit University. 1 october 2007 <http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/plates/.html> "Cycles." Earth Floor. April 28, 2005. Wheeling Jesuit University. 1 Oct 2007 <http://www.ctof.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/rock.html>.. Gardiner, Lisa. "The mechanism of Plate tectonics." Window to the Universe. February 26, 2007. 1 Oct 2007 <http://www.ucmp.berkely.edu/geology/tectonics.html>. .

  9. Rock Cycle Worksheet http://www.classzone.com/books/earth_science/terc/content/investigations/es0602/es0602page02.cfm This is a link which leads to a short video that explains how the rock cycle works. Try to fill in your worksheet on the rock cycle. We will go over the answers after you finish.

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