2008  $700 billion bank “bailout”

1. 2008  $700 billion bank “bailout” • Emergency Economic Stabilization Act … commonly referred to as the largest Bank “Bailout” in U.S. history. • 2009  $27 billion Auto Industry Bailout • Given to GM and Chrysler • Should the government bailout businesses that fail?Why or Why not? Write your answer on a piece of paper.

3. Political Parties Chapter 5

4. A Political Party • Defined: a group of persons who seek to control government through the winning of elections and the holding of public office • The major parties (Republican and Democratic) are not principle or issue-oriented, they are election-oriented • Each party is a coalition a union of many persons of diverse interests who have joined together to try to get candidates elected to public office

5. What Do Parties Do?Answer: Aggregate and Articulate Interests • Interest Aggregation: process of bringing several interests under one umbrella • Bring conflicting groups together  they modify and compromise contending views to help unify people • Interest Articulation: process of speaking on behalf of aggregate interests • Develop policy and leadership choices and then present them to the people • Make the will of the people made known to government

6. 5 Major Functions of Political Parties • The Nominating Function: - political parties nominate, or name, candidates for public office. -they recruit them, gather support (votes) for them • The Informer-Stimulator Function: • Parties inform the people and stimulate their interest and participation in public affairs…how? • Campaign for candidates, take stands on issues, and criticize the candidates and stands of their opponents • Parties try to inform people to their advantage: pamphlets, signs, buttons, posters, radio, TV, internet, etc.

7. 5 Major Functions of Political Parties 3. The “Seal of Approval” Function: - a party grants a “seal of approval” to candidates (a guarantee they follow party principles, are qualified, and will do well in office) - seek qualified candidates w/ good character - prompts candidates to perform well in office

8. 5 Major Functions of Political Parties 4. The Government Function: - Gov’t in the U.S. is dictated by party: Congress, state legislatures, etc. act on a partisan basis - officials of the same party cooperate in different branches of gov’t - political parties informally amend the constitution

9. 5 Major Functions of Political Parties • The Watchdog Function • The party “out of power” is a critic to the party in power • They convince voters that current policies are wrong and they can do better • Party “out of power” plays the role of “the loyal opposition”

10. Section 2: The Two-Party System Chapter 5

11. Before the Constitution (1787) • Federalists – strongly supported the Constitution (James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Adams, John Jay) • Anti-Federalists – opposition to Constitution (Patrick Henry, George Mason, *Thomas Jefferson*) - Anti-Federalists disappear once Bill of Rights passed

12. Parties in the Early Republic (1793-1813) • Federalists • For National Bank, Cities, Businesses, Strong Central Government • Anglophone • (Hamilton) • Democratic-Republicans • For Farmers, Plantation Owners, Fear of Monarchy • Francophone • (Jefferson, Madison)

13. The Era of One-Party Domination -150 years of one party regularly holding the presidency and both houses of congress

14. Era of the Democrats 1800-1860 Democratic-Republicans • Win 13 of 15 presidential elections • the party splits - creation of Democratic Party • Andrew Jackson - Democratic Party (majority) • farmers, frontiersman, and slaveholders (fought for common man) • John Q. Adams – Whigs / National Republicans minority) • All opposed to Jackson *Federalists cease to exist after Hamilton is shot *Events: War of 1812, Westward Expansion

15. Era of the Republicans 1860-1932 Republican Party -Created from a coalition of Whigs, Antislavery-Democrats, and Free-Soil Party Abraham Lincoln 1860 • Republicans  support from businesses, banks, farmers, laborers, and newly freed African Americans *Democrats  All of Confederacy/ “Solid South” Events: Civil War, Progressivism, WWI

16. The Return of Democrats 1932-1968 • Democratic Party: based on government intervention in economy • FDR serves from 1932-1944 with landslide elections • Coalition of workers, racial & ethnic minorities • Parties swap places • Democrats go North  troubled cities, labor unions • Republicans go South  southern states industrialize

17. The New Era 1968-Present • Divided Government • President is often from one party and Congress is taken by another • Ex. • Reagan with Democratic Congress • Clinton with Republican Congress Democrats hold nearly uninterrupted rule of Congress from 1933-1995

18. No Political Parties – Washington Elected

19. Era of Democrats – Thomas Jefferson

20. Era of Democrats – Andrew Jackson

21. Lincoln Election – Era of Republicans

22. Era of Republicans – U.S. Grant

23. Era of Republicans - Hayes

24. Era of Republicans (Noted: Solid South of Democrats)

25. Return of Democrats – FDR Pwns

26. Return of the Democrats – FDR..at 4th term

27. Return of Democrats - LBJ

28. Divided Government  Nixon Pwns ….congress stays democratic

29. Divided Government - Carter

30. Divided Government - Reagan

31. 2008 – Obama in Blue McCain in Red

32. Contemporary Party System • Democrats • Aligned with liberals and progressives • Economics • Distrust of Capitalism • Demand-Side Economics • Reduce Economic Inequality • Defense • Less emphasis • Social Issues • Pro-Choice • Against Capital Punishment • Republicans • Aligned with conservatives • Economics • Free Trade • Supply-Side Economics • Personal Responsibility over Welfare Programs • Defense • Strong National Defense • Social Issues: • Pro-Life • For Capital Punishment

33. Two Party System

34. American Political System: • Two Party System: two major parties dominate American Politics -Minor Parties: one of the less widely supported parties in the political system • Single-Member District – contests in which one candidate from the district is elected to each office on the ballot • Plurality – largest number of votes cast

35. Why Two Parties? 2 Reasons 1. We have a Single-Member District Plurality Electoral System (SMDP) • This is a Winner-Take-All system  an electoral system in which a party must capture the most votes in a district to obtain any representation in the government.

36. Tim Ryan’s District

37. Why Two Parties? • IF a new party were to form and get 15% of the votes nationwide, it could easily end up with NO House seats and win NO electoral votes in a presidential election. (AKA First Past the Post…elections are like a horse race – the winner need only finish ahead of the others but not win a majority of the votes ) Psychological Effects  no one supports the “hopeless” candidate

38. Why Two Parties? 2. Tradition and History  the American political system began with a two-party system…this idea is self-perpetuating

39. American Ideological Consensus • U.S. is a Pluralistic Society with a broad Consensus on fundamental issues

40. American Ideological Consensus • GOP & Dems look much alike/ tend to be moderate • Policy stands inevitably become the same with each group looking for the “independents” • Competition is often between personalities rather than ideas

42. What Republicans and Democrats will never say to voters

43. Multiparty Systems • Definition: party systems in which several legitimate parties vie for control of the government. • Use Proportional Representation (PR) – large districts that elect multiple members. • Party Coalitions necessary to govern Ex. Brazil, Israel, Netherlands The Kadima party in Israel received 22% of the vote and acquired 27 seats…they are the current majority party There are 33 parties in Israel with seats in the Knesset (single district congress)

44. One-Party Systems • Only one political party is allowed • Dictatorships – Communist Chinese Party • Up until 1950’s Solid South  Democratic

45. The Minor Parties

46. 4 Types of Minor Parties • Ideological Parties: particular belief set • Socialist, Socialist Labor, Communist Party, Libertarian Party • Single-Issue Parties: concentrate on single policy matter • Free Soil, Know Nothings, United States Marijuana Party

47. Types Continued… 3. Economic Protest Parties: rooted in bad economic times • Greenback Party, Populist Party 4. Splinter Parties: break away from major parties • Bull Moose, American Independent Party Republicans/ Bull Moose Party = Democratic Victory

48. Key Roles continued… • Innovator Role bring public attention to specific issues • Progressive income tax (progressive party) • Women’s Suffrage (progressive party) • Railroad & Banking Regulation (populist party) • Major Parties Steal Their Issues Future issues from third parties??? My guess: legalization of marijuana, privatization of social security

49. Key Roles of Minor Parties • Spoiler role  third party denies a major party a majority…and the election • (1912) Theodore Roosevelt denies William Taft victory = Woodrow Wilson elected • (1992) Ross Perot denies George H. Bush victory = Bill Clinton elected • (2000) Ralph Nader denies Al Gore victory = George W. Bush elected • Mr. Gibson’s Prediction for 2012 Presidential Election: Random Tea Partier (Palin/Rand Paul) or Donald Trump denies Republican victory = Barrack Obama elected

50. Organization of political Parties