Unit 1 Intro to Forensic Science

1. Unit 1 Test and Notebook Check 8/19 (Tuesday) Root Word Quiz on 8/25 (Monday) Unit 1 Intro to Forensic Science Syllabus Intro to Forensic Science Timeline FBI’s Crime Lab (video) Careers in Forensics Chromatography Lab 1 Chromatography Lab 2 Forensic Science Specialists Unit 1 Review CSI Video Guide 1 Unit 1 Notebook Check

2. #9: Unit 1 Review • Answer the Review Questions on pages 23-25 in your textbook. • Write out full sentences! • Underline answers! • You may write it in your notebook OR type it and share with me on Google Docs: lsupernavage@unionacademy.org • If you do not know an answer, look it up in the textbook or online. • TOMORROW: Movie Friday!

3. An Introduction to Forensic ScienceUnit 1 Lecture 1

4. Definition of forensic science • The application of scientific technology to supply accurate and objective information reflecting the events that occurred at a crime. • Functions of a forensic scientist • Analyze physical evidence • Provide expert testimony • Provide training in the recognition, collection and preservation of physical evidence

5. 4 major FEDERAL crime labs • FBI, DEA,Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, Explosives and US Postal Inspection Service • Most states have their own, smaller crime labs too • Oldest forensic lab in US: LAPD, 1923 • Full service crime lab services • Physical Science: chemistry, physics, and geology to ID and compare crime scene evidence • Biology: blood, body fluids, hairs and fibers, entomology • Firearms: examining firearms, discharged bullets, shells, cartridges, garment residue, other tools • Document Examination: handwriting and typewriting • Photography: to examine and record evidence to create a library • Others: toxicology, fingerprint, polygraph, voiceprint

6. #3: History of Forensic Science • Create a NEAT timeline outlining important events, developments, and contributions in this field of science starting with the assassination of Julius Caesar in 44 B.C. • Include 5 of the scientists in the textbook on pages 2-6 using red. • Include in blue 10 other events from www.softschools.com/timelines/forensic_science_timeline/99/. • Space out the dates to scale as best as you can. Write the dates in green. • Include 5 pictures on your timeline that are relevant to the data you included. Hand-drawn, printed, cut-outs, etc. • THIS ASSIGNMENT IS DUE TUESDAY 8/5/14.

9. Glue your lab sheet as assignment # and write/answer the following questions underneath. • Post Lab • The purpose of the alcohol in this lab was to… • The ransom note was written in… • Who done it?

10. Rf= solute distance from dot solvent distance

11. Assignment #8:Other Specialists in the Field of Forensics

12. FORENSIC PATHOLOGY the post-morten investigation of sudden and unexpectent death

13. Roles of the Forensic Pathologist http://forensicsciencecentral.co.uk/glossary.shtml • Perform Autopsy and determine… • Cause of Death • Mechanism of Death • Manner of Death • Homicide • Suicide • Accidental • Natural Causes

14. Normal Post-Mortem Changes • Rigor Mortis • Livor Mortis • Dessication • Putrefaction

15. FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY The study of human identification

16. Subfields of Forensic Anthropology • Forensic osteology – study of skeleton • Forensic archeology – controlled collection and excavation of human remains and other evidence from a crime scene • Forensic taphonomy– the study of change occurring to human remains (trauma, decomposition, environment)

17. Other fields of study in forensics • Forensic Odontology • Forensic Entomology • Forensic Psychiatry

18. Eyewitness Basics Pros & Cons of Testimonial Evidence Presentation developed by T. Trimpe 2006 http://sciencespot.net/

19. Testimonial evidence: oral or written statements given to police and testimony in court by people who witnessed an event. Eyewitness accounts help investigators analyze a crime scene, but are not viewed to be highly reliable. WHY? • eyewitness identifications (right or wrong) can have a big influence on the outcome of an investigation or trial • Eyewitness positions, line of sight, familiarity with the area, and other factors that can interfere with a person’s ability to remember details.

20. Memory Challenge Directions: You will have 30 seconds to view the next screen. Try to memorize all 20 items you see! You are NOTallowed to write anything down You CANNOT talk to anyone else.

21. Items to remember ... Neuroscience for Kids - http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/puzmatch1.html

22. What do you remember? You have 2 minutes to list as many of the items as you can! How did you do? All 20 – Awesome 15-19 – Great 10-14 – Pretty swell 5-9 – Could be better 4 or Less – Wake up

23. Did you know? According to The Innocence Project (2008) "Eyewitness misidentification is the single greatest cause of wrongful convictions nationwide, playing a role in more than 75% of convictions overturned through DNA testing." Still, the criminal justice system profoundly relies on eyewitness identification and testimony for investigating and prosecuting crimes (Wells & Olson, 2003). What factors affect a person’s memory and their ability to identify a suspect? Source: http://www.helium.com/items/1276135-accurate-eyewitness-accounts

24. Age may play a role in the accuracy of an eyewitness’ statement or identification of a suspect. Studies have shown that when a lineup contains the actual culprit, both young children and elderly perform well, but when the lineup does not contain the culprit there is a higher rate of mistaken identifications. The race of the witness may also play a role. The Cross Race Effect (CRE) is a phenomenon in which people are better at recognizing faces of their own race rather than those of other races. The use of drugs can alter a person’s ability to recall the events of a crime even after they are no longer under the influence. A person’s memory of an event can be influenced by other witnesses, investigators, and/or the media. Investigators use open-ended questioning and follow procedures for conducting line-ups to limit their influence on a witness’ memory of an event or identification of a suspect. Witness Factors Source: http://www.helium.com/items/1276135-accurate-eyewitness-accounts

25. A crime that is extremely traumatic for an eyewitness may affect his/her recall of the event. For example, a witness confronted with a weapon tends to focus on the weapon rather than the perpetrator’s face. Someone who is able to focus on a perpetrator's face for a minute or longer will tend to have a more accurate memory than someone who saw the person for only a few seconds. Studies have shown that faces that are either highly attractive, highly unattractive, or distinctive are more likely to be accurately recognized. Simple disguises, such as hats or sunglasses, can interfere with accurate eyewitness identification. However, body piercings and tattoos increases the likelihood of an accurate identification. The time of day in which the crime occurred as well as a person’s view of the scene may affect what a he/she is able to see. In addition, a person who is familiar with the area in which the crime took place, may have a better recall of the positions of the victims or suspects. Crime Scene & Suspect Factors Source: http://www.helium.com/items/1276135-accurate-eyewitness-accounts

26. Crime Scene Challenge • Now that your eyes and brain are warmed up, let’s test your observation skills a bit more. • You will have 2 minutes to study the photograph of a crime scene on the next slide. • Try to pay attention to details as you will be asked 10 questions about the crime scene! • You are not allowed to write anything down until after the time is up. • Ready?

28. Answer each question below. 1. What color coffee mug was in the picture? Blue Red Yellow 2. When was the deadline? Yesterday Today Tomorrow 3. What time was on the clock on the wall? 10:40 11:05 1:55 4. How many sticky notes were on the whiteboard? Four Six Eight 5. Which of the following was NOT in the picture? Stapler Trash Can Printer 6. What was the name on the plaque on the desk? Bill Brian Carl 7. What color was the victim's shirt? Black Blue Red 8. How many plants were in the picture? None One Two 9. What was the color of the marker in the desk drawer? Red Blue Green 10. Where was the book in the picture? On a box In the trash can Under the body Source: http://forensics.rice.edu/html/picture_begin.html

29. FACES – A software program that offers many options to help you recreate a person’s facial features. Facial Composites Investigators work with sketch artists and eyewitnesses to create facial composites, or sketches of a person’s face. Today many police departments are using facial reconstruction software to help them with this task. The composite may be used internally to assist officers in identifying the suspect or used externally through local media (radio, TV, and newspaper) to solicit leads from citizens.

30. You will have a chance to try to create a facial composite. You will need to pay close attention to the following features: The shape of the face The shape of the jaw The shape of the eyes The shape of the nose The width of the neck The shape & protrusion of the ears The presence of facial piercing The presence of facial hair, its color, & location The presence of facial markings, such as scars or tattoos Forehead or other facial lines The presence of eyeglasses or sunglasses The length, color, & texture of the person’s hair Let's give it a try!