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Egyptian Civilization

Egyptian Civilization. Life and Religion in Ancient Egypt Chapter 2 Section 2. Egyptian Religion. Believed in forces ruling this life and the afterlife Polytheistic Religion Many Gods and Goddesses. Amon-Re. The Sun God Ruler of the other Gods

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Egyptian Civilization

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  1. Egyptian Civilization Life and Religion in Ancient EgyptChapter 2 Section 2

  2. Egyptian Religion • Believed in forces ruling this life and the afterlife • Polytheistic Religion • Many Gods and Goddesses

  3. Amon-Re • The Sun God • Ruler of the other Gods • Since Pharaoh was seen as a God/ruler too, he was linked closely with Amon-re • Not really a God of the common man

  4. Osiris • God of the Underworld and God of the Nile • Controlled the floods, so many people prayed to him

  5. Isis • The Wife of Osiris • Love story appealed to human emotions • Gave Osiris the cross with the loop at the top, known as the ANKH • Women loved her • Believed she taught first women to grind corn, spin flax, weave cloth, and care for children

  6. Tests in the Afterlife • To win Eternal Life ALL Egyptians had to pass a test • Weighed your heart vs. the Feather of Truth • If your heart was heavier than the feather you would be fed to the Eater of the Dead • If you pass, you go to the “Happy Field of Food” (Egyptian heaven)

  7. Mummification • Preservation of the dead • Removal and drying out of the vital organs • Wrapped the body in strips of linen • Took months to complete

  8. Valley of the Kings • Burial place of many Pharaohs • Filled with riches • Robbed manytimes

  9. King Tutankhamen • King Tut’s tomb found in 1922 • One of the few tombs whose wealth had not been taken, practically untouched • Artifacts are in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo • Includes chariots, weapons, furniture, jewelry, toys, games, and food • Not even a great pharaoh

  10. King Tut’s Tomb

  11. King Tut Now and Then

  12. Hatshepsut

  13. Hatshepsut

  14. Egyptian Society • As the Empire grew so did society • Trade and War increase cultural diffusion • Many new ideas are spread

  15. Women in Ancient Egypt • Women enjoyed high status • Rasmes II himself said: • “The foot of an Egyptian Woman may walk where it pleases and no one may deny her” • Not many women learned to read or write

  16. Lasting Records • Hieroglyphics • A form of pictogram • Scribes learned Demotic- or a simpler form for everyday use • Wrote on Papyrus- paper like writing material that grew along the Nile River • Can you decipher the code?

  17. The Rosetta Stone • Found in 1799 by French Troops • Found in Rosetta, Egypt (in the Delta) • Jean Francois Campollian deciphered it 23 years later • Written in 3 languages • Heiroglyphics • Demotic • Greek • Cracked the code and allowed us to study written Egyptian Records

  18. Medicine in Ancient Egypt • Believed in various magics • Very skilled in how the human body works • Many medicines are still used today • Anise, Castor beans, saffron

  19. Astronomy and Mathematics • Developed a calendar that our calendar is based on • 12 months of 30 days each +5 days at the end of each year • Developed basic Geometry to measure fields due to flooding and pyramid blocks

  20. Temple of Ramses II

  21. Inside the Temple of Ramses II

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