Hunger And The Global Environment

1. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Hunger And The Global Environment

2. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Imagine: You often go hungry. Your children say they’re hungry but you know there’s not enough food in the house. Your children go to bed hungry and dream of food. You frequently skip meals because you lack food, money transportation and kitchen appliances. Ask students to close their eyes and imagine…..Ask students to close their eyes and imagine…..

3. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Hunger Facts: 1 in every 5 people worldwide experiences persistent hunger. One person dies of starvation every 2 seconds. In the U.S.: 36 million people; 1 out of every 5 children, lives in poverty 1 in 5 experiences persistent hunger…. Not meaning the occasional rumble in the stomach from stomach growling between meals. But meaning a painful sensation caused by a serious lack of food. Look at the statistics: 1 out of every 5 worldwide--- consider this: there are approximately 5 of you at each table. Think that you are an accurate representation of the world. Now think that 1 out of every 5 of you will die of starvation. Is this a problem in the United States? Yes, 36 million people in this country live in poverty. Why is that a problem? Because living in poverty means that there is not a plentiful supply of basic necessities.. Food, money, etc.1 in 5 experiences persistent hunger…. Not meaning the occasional rumble in the stomach from stomach growling between meals. But meaning a painful sensation caused by a serious lack of food. Look at the statistics: 1 out of every 5 worldwide--- consider this: there are approximately 5 of you at each table. Think that you are an accurate representation of the world. Now think that 1 out of every 5 of you will die of starvation. Is this a problem in the United States? Yes, 36 million people in this country live in poverty. Why is that a problem? Because living in poverty means that there is not a plentiful supply of basic necessities.. Food, money, etc.

4. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Food insecurity: The limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods Food poverty: Hunger occurring when there is enough food in an area but cannot be obtained due to a lack of money, deprivation, war or other problems Food insecurity is a major problem. Millions of people are uncertain day to day whether or not they will have enough food for themselves or their families. In developed countries, the problem is usually food poverty. Food is available. The grocery stores are full, corner stores have food, gas stations and restaurants are plentiful. The problem is that people lack the resources to obtain the food… lack of money, transportation, etc. Sometimes, what further enhances the food poverty problem is that there may be abuse of alcohol, drugs. All –in-all, a lack of resources remains the leading factor in food poverty. Food insecurity is a major problem. Millions of people are uncertain day to day whether or not they will have enough food for themselves or their families. In developed countries, the problem is usually food poverty. Food is available. The grocery stores are full, corner stores have food, gas stations and restaurants are plentiful. The problem is that people lack the resources to obtain the food… lack of money, transportation, etc. Sometimes, what further enhances the food poverty problem is that there may be abuse of alcohol, drugs. All –in-all, a lack of resources remains the leading factor in food poverty.

5. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Hunger In The United States

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7. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Food Assistance 1 out of every 6 Americans receives food assistance of some kind. Total cost: $40 billion/ year Still, the hunger problem is not solved.

8. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Federal Food Assistance Programs WIC (Women Infants and Children) The School Lunch Program; Breakfast and Childcare Food Assistance for Older Adults; Meals on Wheels The Food Stamp Program WIC: a food assistance program for low-income pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and their young children. This program provides women with food vouchers that can be used for viable foodstuffs and infant formula. School Lunch Program: For families who deal with food poverty and food insecurity, the school lunch may be the only meal that children eat each day. The school lunch and breakfast programs function to help children become nourished while at school, thus improving their learning environment. Children that are hungry do not learn well. Food Assistance for Older Adults: Meals on Wheels, etc. Food Stamps: This is the most expensive program, costing 15 billion per year. Over 17 million people participate each year, over half being children. The food stamp program is issued by the government and allows people to obtain food items for themselves or their family. This program is for food only… no tobacco, alcohol or cleaning products. There are also National Food Recovery programs that act to distribute food to low-income people. One highlighted in your book fed 26 million people last year.WIC: a food assistance program for low-income pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and their young children. This program provides women with food vouchers that can be used for viable foodstuffs and infant formula. School Lunch Program: For families who deal with food poverty and food insecurity, the school lunch may be the only meal that children eat each day. The school lunch and breakfast programs function to help children become nourished while at school, thus improving their learning environment. Children that are hungry do not learn well. Food Assistance for Older Adults: Meals on Wheels, etc. Food Stamps: This is the most expensive program, costing 15 billion per year. Over 17 million people participate each year, over half being children. The food stamp program is issued by the government and allows people to obtain food items for themselves or their family. This program is for food only… no tobacco, alcohol or cleaning products. There are also National Food Recovery programs that act to distribute food to low-income people. One highlighted in your book fed 26 million people last year.

9. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz National Food Recovery Programs Second Harvest: coordinates food pantries and emergency kitchens. Local food banks Community efforts: Depend on volunteers Serve the homeless, people in need, etc.

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11. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Food Waste 96 billion pounds of food waste in the U.S/year 27% of the food produced is wasted

12. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Worldwide Food Shortages Famine: Extreme food shortage in an area that causes widespread starvation and death. Causes- 1. Political reasons 2. Armed conflict (war) 3. Natural Disasters Worldwide, people face more extreme hunger problems than in the United States. The primary cause is poverty. The problem is severe and difficult to comprehend: 1/5 of the world’s 6 billion people have no land or possessions at all. They survive on less than 1 dollar each day, lack clean drinking water and cannot read or write. The average U.S. housecat consumes twice as much protein every day than one of these people. Causes of Famine- Political- Changes in food prices or government policy can leave millions of people hungry Example: The Chinese Famine of 1959-1961. 15-30 million people died during this time. The reason: government policy changed and devastated the agricultural system. Armed causes: The violence of war. This is a dominant cause of worldwide famine. Countries with civil unrest see their ecomonies turned upsid down… farmers turn to fight and their fields that once grew food, are turned into battlegrounds. Natural Disasters: Poor harvests, flooding, disease among animals. Food aid is used to help people in these situations. Worldwide, people face more extreme hunger problems than in the United States. The primary cause is poverty. The problem is severe and difficult to comprehend: 1/5 of the world’s 6 billion people have no land or possessions at all. They survive on less than 1 dollar each day, lack clean drinking water and cannot read or write. The average U.S. housecat consumes twice as much protein every day than one of these people. Causes of Famine- Political- Changes in food prices or government policy can leave millions of people hungry Example: The Chinese Famine of 1959-1961. 15-30 million people died during this time. The reason: government policy changed and devastated the agricultural system. Armed causes: The violence of war. This is a dominant cause of worldwide famine. Countries with civil unrest see their ecomonies turned upsid down… farmers turn to fight and their fields that once grew food, are turned into battlegrounds. Natural Disasters: Poor harvests, flooding, disease among animals. Food aid is used to help people in these situations.

13. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Global Malnutrition Approximately 2 billion people are malnourished Mostly lacking in iron, iodine, Vitamin A and protein/ calorie malnutrition Women and children are the majority of people worldwide who are malnourished. Malnourishment may lead to larger problems that can effect an entire country as a whole: Mental retardation, growth failure, blindness, infections and other problems are related to malnutrition. But when an entire country’s population is burdened with these problems, how is that country going to thrive? Success begins with health… something that a malnourished population lacks. What happens to these malnourished children? Being underweight leads them down a path of disease and even death. These children are more susceptible to infection whooping cough, measles, TB, cholera and a host of other diseases. Women and children are the majority of people worldwide who are malnourished. Malnourishment may lead to larger problems that can effect an entire country as a whole: Mental retardation, growth failure, blindness, infections and other problems are related to malnutrition. But when an entire country’s population is burdened with these problems, how is that country going to thrive? Success begins with health… something that a malnourished population lacks. What happens to these malnourished children? Being underweight leads them down a path of disease and even death. These children are more susceptible to infection whooping cough, measles, TB, cholera and a host of other diseases.

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15. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Overpopulation 6 billion (estimated) people live on Earth 90 million people are born each year Each ½ a second, another person is born. Each month, the world adds the equivalent of another New York City. Each ½ a second, another person is born. Each month, the world adds the equivalent of another New York City.

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17. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Years needed for the world’s population to reach its: 1st Billion 2,000,000 years 2nd Billion 105 years 3rd Billion 30 years 4th Billion 15 years 5th Billion 12 years 6th Billion 11 years No wonder we are having problems feeding the world’s population. What are we doing about it? Why is it that each year, an estimated 1/5 of the world’s food is wasted… enough to feed 49 million people. No wonder we are having problems feeding the world’s population. What are we doing about it? Why is it that each year, an estimated 1/5 of the world’s food is wasted… enough to feed 49 million people.

18. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Questions: Why is it that malnutrition is such a worldwide problem when we have an ample food supply? What will happen in the future? Food is wasted: Crops are not harvested, leftovers are not donated, we are wasteful. Problems in other countries: Lack of technology… farming,availability of farmable land and seeds. In the future: The world’s population is growing at alarming rates. In the future, water supplies may dwindle, limiting growth of food… leading to devastating problems. The developed nations will be the last to feel the effects. The world increases its populations by an estimated 90 million people each year. Food is wasted: Crops are not harvested, leftovers are not donated, we are wasteful. Problems in other countries: Lack of technology… farming,availability of farmable land and seeds. In the future: The world’s population is growing at alarming rates. In the future, water supplies may dwindle, limiting growth of food… leading to devastating problems. The developed nations will be the last to feel the effects. The world increases its populations by an estimated 90 million people each year.

19. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz The Cycle… The Problem? Population growth leads to hunger and poverty. Hunger and poverty lead to population growth. How can we stop this cycle? Pop growth causes hunger and poverty: As the population grows, more mouths must be fed. Growing cities require land for living space and industry, leaving less land for agricultural use. Most often, the prime agricultural land is used for development and living space. The undesirable land and that which is not fit for agricultural purposes is left to the poor populations, creating living space that is not suitable for food growth. This leads to more and more problems. 2. Hunger and Poverty lead to population growth: Hunger and poverty lead to increases in population. When living in a world in hunger, starvation and death, families tend to have more and more children. They do this to have more children to farm the land, work to make money to support the family. When living in poverty, many children don’t survive. Having more children ensures that some will make it. But, this mentality just exacerbates the problem. Pop growth causes hunger and poverty: As the population grows, more mouths must be fed. Growing cities require land for living space and industry, leaving less land for agricultural use. Most often, the prime agricultural land is used for development and living space. The undesirable land and that which is not fit for agricultural purposes is left to the poor populations, creating living space that is not suitable for food growth. This leads to more and more problems. 2. Hunger and Poverty lead to population growth: Hunger and poverty lead to increases in population. When living in a world in hunger, starvation and death, families tend to have more and more children. They do this to have more children to farm the land, work to make money to support the family. When living in poverty, many children don’t survive. Having more children ensures that some will make it. But, this mentality just exacerbates the problem.

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21. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Environmental Limitations Soil erosion, compaction and salinization Deforestation and desertification due to overgrazing Climate changes due to forest destruction Water pollution Extensive overgrazing Overfishing Many environmental limitations are slowing food production: 1. Soil erosion, etc. due to overirrigation and overtillage which results in extensive loss of productive cropland. Together, these environmental problems are reducing the world’s ability to feed its people.Many environmental limitations are slowing food production: 1. Soil erosion, etc. due to overirrigation and overtillage which results in extensive loss of productive cropland. Together, these environmental problems are reducing the world’s ability to feed its people.

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24. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Solutions?… Increase economic growth: sustainable development Slow population growth: decrease the number of children in families  Make changes at home… How can we increase economic growth? Better health care, EDUCATION, industry, farming, etc. Share increased way of life among all parts of society. Improve life for the poor, middle class and wealthy. All must see an increase to improve economic growth. Slow population Growth: As a society becomes more economically stable, EDUCATION of the population begins to take effect. Societies that educate children experience a decrease in fertility rates. Education, especially for girls and women, tends to improve family life, sanitation, nutrition and effective birth control. These improved conditions lead to infants living to adulthood, making smaller families feasible.How can we increase economic growth? Better health care, EDUCATION, industry, farming, etc. Share increased way of life among all parts of society. Improve life for the poor, middle class and wealthy. All must see an increase to improve economic growth. Slow population Growth: As a society becomes more economically stable, EDUCATION of the population begins to take effect. Societies that educate children experience a decrease in fertility rates. Education, especially for girls and women, tends to improve family life, sanitation, nutrition and effective birth control. These improved conditions lead to infants living to adulthood, making smaller families feasible.

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26. FON 241 Principles of Human Nutrition; L. Zienkewicz Questions to think about: What is the earth’s carrying capacity? Will the population outgrow the food supply? Carrying capacity? No on can say. No on knows.Carrying capacity? No on can say. No on knows.

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