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Ozone in the Laundry Industry Practical Experiences in the UK. Rip G. Rice, Ph.D. RICE International Consulting Enterprises Sandy Spring, MD 20860. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Dick Cardis, JLA, Inc., U.K. Cameron Tapp, ClearWater Tech, LLC Marc DeBrum, ClearWater Tech, LLC
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Ozone in the Laundry Industry Practical Experiences in the UK Rip G. Rice, Ph.D. RICE International Consulting Enterprises Sandy Spring, MD 20860
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS • Dick Cardis, JLA, Inc., U.K. • Cameron Tapp, ClearWater Tech, LLC • Marc DeBrum, ClearWater Tech, LLC My Co-Authors – and ● R. Desmond O’Connor, Microsearch Laboratories, UK ● Daniels Equipment Co., Auburn, NH
TWO MESSAGES • Ozone cold-water laundering eradicates MRSA and C. difficile • Plus many other bacteria, viruses, fungi, mildew, mold, etc. • Ozone cold-water laundering saves $$$ • By lowering energy, water use, detergent use, other chemicals, extending linen life, and decreasing labor costs
Ozone’s Laundering Advantages • Reduces Energy Use – up to 90% in washing and 20% in drying • Reduces Water Use – 30-45%. Closed loop systems attain 70-75% reductions • Reduces Chemical Use 25-70%. Adds O2 to water, oxidizes linen soils, lowers chlorine bleach needed, purifies, disinfects (Ct ≥ 1 mg/L-min), improves effluent quality (lowers BOD and COD)
OZONE & HOW IT WORKS • Ozone is : • a gas – partially water soluble • a strong oxidizing agent and bleach • produced on-site as needed • compatible with institutional laundering equipment • an easy add-on – wall mounted • safe to apply and control
ECOTEX Ozone System • Oxygen Concentrator → 90% O2 • Ambient ozone controller • Ozone is fed via diffuser to water entering washer • Ozone turns on during any “step” within the wash formula via a “dry contact” (no voltage) signal or 120-240V signal to main control board of the generator
ECOTEX Ozone System-2 • LED units indicate other functions • Ozone output for a given load is increased or decreased by turning a potentiometer or manual ozone output control knob located on the control panel • LED bars illuminate one at a time • Proper amount of ozone is applied to cope with kind/type of soils on articles • Ozone output also can be varied by changing flow rate of air entering the ozone generator
Ozone System Trade Names • ECOTEX – ozone equipment manufactured and marketed in USA by ClearWater Tech LLC • OTEX – ozone equipment manufactured by CWT LLC and leased in the UK by JLA Ltd
MICROBIOLOGICAL TESTING • Conducted in UK by Microsearch Laboratories, Mytholmroyd, Halifax • All tests performed under standard microbiological protocols with standard reagents, incubation times and conditions, counting procedures, etc.
MICROBIOLOGICAL TESTING • Clostridium difficile • MRSA (Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus) • E. coli and other bacteria • Viruses • Mildew on Marquee Linings • Mold and Fungal Growths
Clostridium difficile • An intestinal bacterium • Causes hospital-acquired diarrhea • In elderly patients, serious illness can result, even death • C. difficile produces toxins that damage cells lining the human bowel • Survives outside the body because it is spore-forming
Hot Water vs Ozone for C. difficile • Compared laundering in hot water (75 & 80ºC = 167 & 176ºF) over 15 minutes • This is the recommended standard treatment for UK laundries • Compared to cold water ozone laundering in OTEX equipment in 2.5 minutesand beyond
C. Difficile – Hot Water (75 & 80ºC = 167 and 176ºF) – 15 min
MRSA • Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus • The current “Superbug” of Care Homes and Hospitals • Current UK standard laundering recommendation is to wash nurses’ uniforms at 40ºC (104ºF) • June 26, 2006 Time Magazine Archive
MRSA – Nurses’ Uniforms Test • Standard 40ºC wash vs cold Ozone • Impregnated MRSA onto membranes • Implanted membranes into nurses’ garments prior to laundering • 40ºC wash → av log red’n = 3.3 (99.3%) • Ozone wash → > 8.0 log red’n = 99.999999% • No survivors isolated from Ozone washing
QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL • Microfiber mops and cloths contaminated with various microorganisms found in hospitals and laundered conventionally (71ºC) → still contaminated • C. difficile > 150,000 TVC • Means that microorganisms were being distributed throughout the hospital
QUEEN ELIZABETH HOSPITAL-2 • No target organisms survived ozone laundering, including C. difficile • Tested OTEX system 6-months in 2005 – on all types of linens • Hospitaladopted OTEX systems as their laundering equipment on Dec. 12, 2005
Weekly OTEX Savings – 50 Bed Care Home – 70% Incontinence
Weekly OTEX Savings – 50 Bed Care Home – 70% Incontinence
Weekly OTEX Savings – 90 Bed Care Home – 85% Incontinence
Weekly OTEX Savings – 90 Bed Care Home – 85% Incontinence
THIRD PARTY EVALUATIONS • Laundry Technology Centre – OTEX passed performance testing with flying colors • WRc-NSF International – no detrimental impact of discharging ozone-treated wastewaters to the environment • Confirmed by Hong Kong Environmental Protection Department (1997)
Summary & Conclusions - 1 • Ozone laundering is a cost-effective boon to commercial, nursing care homes, hotels, etc., to protect health and safety of guests • Ozone allows cold water to be used, thus saving heat energy and water • Ozone enhances washing process, reducing detergent dosage & number of rinses, saving more water
Summary & Conclusions - 2 Ozone/Cold Water Laundering • Is gentler to fabrics, thus extending linen life • Is beneficial for effluents, reducing COD • Destroys microorganisms in several minutes • Shortens washing/drying times, saving labor • Eliminates 3 traditional steps (initial flush, one rinse, and softener steps) • ROI attained in 8-16 months from cost savings
Summary & Conclusions - 3 • A wide variety of microorganisms is destroyed within several minutes by Ozone/cold water laundering • All common bacteria tested • Four strains of viruses tested • MRSA – eradicated within minutes • Clostridium difficile – eradicated within minutes
THANK YOU !! • QUESTIONS ??