5=metal; 8= quik boys; 7=I split J

1. 5=metal; 8=quik boys; 7=I split J

2. ASIA’S SOUTHWEST: Includes part of Russia’s former satellite nations and the Middle East

3. A. Physical Characteristics of North Africa and Middle East • Important Seas or Lakes: • Black Sea • north of Turkey • Red Sea • b/w Egypt and Saudi Arabia • Mediterranean Sea • west of Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Palestine’s Gaza Strip

4. Important Seas or Lakes, Con’t • Dead Sea • its salinity is 7 ½ times more than other saltwater seas • is so salty that only bacteria can live in the water and it’s almost impossible to drown in it • it is 1,349 feet below sea level • it is the lowest place on the exposed crust of the earth

5. Important Rivers • Tigris and Euphrates • both begin in Turkey • both end in Iraq (Mesopotamia) • the Euphrates flows into Syria before ending in Iraq • Nile River • begins as two rivers, the White and Blue Niles • 2 rivers merge & form The Nile in Khartoum, Sudan • The Nile runs from south to north and ends at Mediterranean

6. Important Rivers (con’t) • Jordan River • begins at Lebanon Mtns at north Israel and flows south • the river serves as a natural boundary b/w Israel & Jordan as it flows south • its mouth flows into the salty waters of the Dead Sea located b/w Israel & Jordan

7. Important Gulfs (con’t) • Persian Gulf • b/w Arabian Peninsula (Saudi Arabia) and ancient Persia, aka Iran • Gulf of Suez • On western side of Sinai Peninsula, east side of Egypt • Gulf of Aqaba • on eastern side of Sinai Peninsula; b/w Sinai Peninsula and Saudi Arabia

8. Mountain Ranges • Caucus Mtns • b/w Black and Caspian Seas • Russia to its north, Georgia, Armenia & Azerbaijan to south • Zagros & Elburz Mtns(both in Iran) • Zagros between Iraq and Iran; Elburz is south of Caspian Sea and in northern Iran • Taurus Mtns(Turkey) • southern Turkey • Atlas Mtns(Morocco)

9. Kara Kum, Kyzyl Kum, & Gobi • Deserts • Sahara • in Africa & world’s largest • Saudi Arabian Desert • Called Empty Quarter and Rub al-Khali = “place where no one comes out” • approximately same size as Texas • The Libyan Desert • The Negev Desert of Israel Empty Quarter

10. Climate N Africa and Middle East

11. Vegetation N Africa and Middle East

12. B. Human Geography of North Africa and Middle East • Population • Languages • Religions • Agriculture • Economics • Urban • HEInteraction

13. Population Statistics • Population Distribution • In which countries are the following highly populated cities located? • Casablanca, • Ankara • Tunis • Tripoli • Tel Aviv

14. Population Statistics, con’t • Young population Advantages/Disadvantages? • N. Africa and the MidEast: The Youth Bulge>20% of their population between 15-24 (13% of US population is 15-24) • Extremely high unemployment amongst youth • High Birth Rates • Average 20 births for every 1000 people (US averages 13) • Life Expectancy • Averages early 70’s (US averages late 70’s) Source: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.DYN.CBRT.IN

16. Languages • Arabic • With notable exceptions of Israel, Turkey, Iran and the remote areas of North Africa, Arabic is primary languagespoken in N Africa and Middle East • Other Languages • Israel: Hebrew • Iran: Farsi • Turkey: Turkish • Remote N Africa: Tribal languages

17. Religions • World Distribution

18. Religions • Islam • second largest-practiced religion in world (how is this so?) • most N. African and Mid Easterners are Muslims (practice Islam) • begun in 7th C. in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, by Prophet Muhammad who was born there • Qur’an (Koran) is sacred text • Main Sects of Islam • Sunni • Make up appx 90% of world’s Muslims • successor to prophet Muhammad elected by other Muslims The Annual Hajj in Mecca, Saudi Arabia: 1 of 5 Pillars of Islam for all able bodies Muslims

19. Sects of Islam,con’t • Sunni majorities • Saudi Arabia • Jordan • Egypt • Syria • Turkey • Shi’ite or Shia majorities • 10% of world’s Muslims • Major difference from Sunnis: Shias believe successor to Muhammad to be descendant of Muhammad • Iran • Iraq (but ruled by Sunni minority) NOTE: Clashes between Sunnis and Shi’ites goes back to 7th C. death of Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam

20. Religions, con’t • Christianity • Largest religion practiced in world • Begun in 33 A.D. in Palestine (Middle East) after death of Jewish Jesus • Bible is sacred text • Sects of Christianity • Roman Catholic • Greek Orthodox • Protestant (includes Anglicans and Episcopalians) • 39% in Lebanon • 10% in Syria • 6% in Egypt & Jordan • 3% or less in Iran, Iraq, Israel, & Turkey • 0% in Saudi Arabia

21. Agriculture (http://www.nationmaster.com/graph/agr_ara_lan_hec-agriculture-arable-land-hectares) Go to slide show,

22. Economic Resources • Black Gold Go to slide show,

23. As of 2009, location of world oil supplies, as per wikipedia

25. Arab Spring • Began in late • 2010 • Response to: • Absolute Monarchy • High unemployment • Human rights violations • Political corruption

26. Cities and Settlements • Ancient Egypt, since 3150 BC • Human movement resulted in Ancient Egyptian civilization forming from the Mesopotamians • The Mesopotamians had the “Fertile Crescent” while the Egyptians had The Nile

28. Muslim % of population by region or ethnicity Muslim % of population by country Islam • Second-largest practiced religion in world (how is this so?) Muslim % of population by continent