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The Road to Revolution

The Road to Revolution. Post war period brings change to British policy Revolution not inevitable?. The Deep Roots of Revolution. America as revolutionary force-new ideas Republicanism had taken root Radical Whigs in England-be on guard against ‘corruption’

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The Road to Revolution

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  1. The Road to Revolution Post war period brings change to British policy Revolution not inevitable?

  2. The Deep Roots of Revolution • America as revolutionary force-new ideas • Republicanism had taken root • Radical Whigs in England-be on guard against ‘corruption’ • Elected representatives v. monarchy • Property ownership/political participation went hand in hand • Distance weakens authority, great distances weakens authority greatly

  3. Mercantilism and colonial Grievances • Empire grew in a fit of absent mindedness • Justification for colonial control born out of mercantilism • Colonists viewed as tenants • Regulation was sporadic- 1650 Navigations Laws first • Enumerated goods- • Currency shortages-Americans printed own/lax bankruptcy laws • Royal veto

  4. The Merits and Menace of mercantilism • Until 1763- Navigation laws were not enforced and Americans eluded them • Many Americans benefit from M system • Bounties-ships stores/tobacco • Military presence-w/out cost* • Downside-stifled economic initiative-dependence on British creditors-perpetual state of economic adolescence-BF’s quote

  5. The Stamp Tax Uproar • Post war finds big debt-140 mil £ • To offset debt-England will redefine her relationship to the colonies • Prime Minister George Grenville orders British navy to enforce Navigation Acts • 1764-Sugar Act is passed-1st law that does? • Sugar from sources outside England taxed • Ams. Protest-duties lowered-BIG mistake why?

  6. Grenville issues more • 1765 Quartering act was passed • Stamp Tax passed in wake of Quartering Act- MOST impact of any law • Americans feel threatened-$ and principle • Offenders were tried in Admiralty courts • Americans ? Need for troops • Colonists most hurt by these measures raised famous cry NTWR-irony?

  7. Uproar continued • Legislation vs. taxation • Parliament can pass legislation that the whole empire is regulated by-but when it comes to taxes-which are property-only elected representatives can impose these • Grenville responds-power of Parliament is supreme-you ARE represented ‘virtually’ • When Britain asserted that power could not be divided between legislative power in parliament and taxing authority in England-Clash is ?

  8. Parliament forced To Repeal SA • Stamp Act Congress-1765 most conspicuous among many forms of resistance-NYC-27 delegates/representing 9 • Statement of Rights and Grievances-implored the king and Parliament to repel • Impact of the SAC • Non-Importation Agreements • Methods used to ‘enforce’

  9. Repeal • System to collect taxes breaks down-no one willing to collect • On day tax went into effect not one stamp sold-We simply nullified it!!!!! • Boycotts worked!25% of British exports sold in colonies • Stamp Act repealed-statue GIII goes up-Declaratory Act quietly passed

  10. Townshend Tea Tax • Charles Townshend-PM-Champagne? • Goose squawking!!! • 1767-Townshend duties-INDIRECT tax monies to pay Royal judges and Governors • Good legislation-bad timing-NY leg. disbanded • Am. Reaction? • March 5 1770

  11. Seditious Committees of Correspondence • King GIII-good guy bad ruler • British policy failing-Townshends duties collect 295-Eng. Spent 170,000 • All taxes except the 3 pence tax on tea away • ‘flames of discontent’ kindled by continued efforts to clamp down nav. Laws but especially the CoC. Begun by Sam Adams • Va. Makes theirs a standing committee

  12. Tea Parties at Boston • East India Company given monopoly • Tea was less than tax!-which was very little • Sam Adams summons meeting-tavern • Order given to SoL to dump tea over 12/16/1773-before delivery-Baltimore-burned Philly attacked • British react with force-or peace?-what Ams. did was intolerable-Boston Port Act-port closed until damaged tea compensated • Hutchinson leaves/Burke laments-quote p.133

  13. Intolerable Acts • Boston Port Act • List other notable deeds of this massacre of American liberties • Quebec Act-

  14. Continental Congress/Bloodshed • Americans reaction to Boston Port Act was impressive-instead of Blaming Mass. For its plight the colonies rallied around her • England’s reaction to tea party excessive • 12 colonies meet in Philadelphia-1st Continental Congress-this is in reaction to Intolerable Acts • Sept.5-Oct 26 1775-consulting body-John Adams defeats measure for home rule-(moderate position) • Sways Congress to radical course-Declaration of Rights-appeals to king-parliament and the people

  15. Congress cont. • THE Association was most important by- product of the Congress • Complete boycott-no import/export/consumption • Chickens squawked-tar kettles boiled agitation increased • Lexington and Concord-8 killed 10 wnd • Britain-70 killed 200wnd

  16. Imperial strength and Weakness • Population 3:1 • $ and navy- British • Army-50,000 Professional/mercenaries • Loyalists-50,000 Natives-fighters? Helped by inflaming frontier • Sheep herder comment • Downside-politics/geography/Ireland-Fr. • Leadership-

  17. American Pluses and Minuses • + leadership-military/politically • Cause!-liberty or death-NH license plate • Foreign assistance-france$-soldiers-navy • Cont.- services of many professional officers-Lafayette-Stueben-Palaski- • Defensive war • Downside-

  18. A Thin Line of Heroes-read

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