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New Hope for Hurt Neurons

Explore the potential of stem cells in reconstructing damaged pathways in the spinal cord and brain. Discover the latest solutions and treatments for injury recovery, including nerve growth factors and stem cell implants. Find out how rapid response and rehabilitation techniques can improve outcomes and offer greater hope for recovery.

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New Hope for Hurt Neurons

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  1. New Hope for Hurt Neurons • Is there recovery after damage to the spinal cord or brain? • Can stem cells be used to reconstruct broken pathways? • A few years ago, the stuff of myths. • Perhaps a reality

  2. Christopher Reeve as Superman

  3. Christopher Reeve Paralysis Foundation www.paralysis.org

  4. Reeve’s Goal To Stand and Raise a Glass on 50th Birthday. 9/25/2002

  5. Traditional Divisions KW 2-13

  6. Functional Divisions KW 2-13

  7. CNS and PNS KW 1-2

  8. Brain in Skull KW 2-1

  9. CNS and PNS (sketch) Skull Brain Vertebrae Spinal cord Nerves (PNS)

  10. Neurons and Glial Cells KW 2-12

  11. Neuron KW 3-3

  12. Types of Neurons KW 3-7

  13. Neuron (detail) KW 3-5

  14. Neuron (info flow) KW 3-6

  15. Types of Glial Cells KW 3-1

  16. Glial Cell Functions • Supportive glial = glue • Nutrition • Waste disposal “vacuum cleaners” • Insulate neurons

  17. Neurons Transmit message. Mature cells don’t replicate. Dead cells are not replaced. Glial cells Supportive role. Mature cells do replicate. Dead cells are replaced. Neurons vs Glial Cells

  18. CNS and PNS Myelin

  19. Astrocyte KW 3-9

  20. Myelin Wrap CNS PNS

  21. Myelin Sheath in PNS Schwann Cells in PNS Axon Myelin Sheath

  22. Schwann cell beakdown KW 3-11

  23. Schwann Cell Recovery KW 3-11

  24. Combo Schwann KW 3-11

  25. Can axons regrow in CNS? • Yes, but their path is blocked by CNS Glial Cells. • CNS Glial cells (Oligodendrocytes) form scar tissue. • Pathway is blocked by scar tissue. scar

  26. CNS Solutions • Block scar tissue from forming. • Schwann cell bridges (Lars Olson). • Spinal motor pathways cut in rats. • Loss control of hind limbs.

  27. Other CNS Solutions • Nerve growth factors. • Stem cell implants. • Quick response to spinal cord injury. • “Golden Hour” = first hour after injury. • Prevent further damage.

  28. Rapid Response to Injury • Steroids to reduce swelling. • Provide support. • Cord usually not severed. • Relieve pressure. • Stabilize vertebrae.

  29. Recovery from injury • Drugs to help remaining neurons function better. • Retrain body to use back-up systems. • Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES): a computer assisted movement system

  30. Functional Electrical Stimulation

  31. Hand Grasp in Operation

  32. Spinal Cord Outcomes • 12,000 new cases a year • Most young men. • 90% survive accident. • Lifetime disability • Greater hope for recovery.

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