IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute

1. Welcome to the IVL PORTAL Use the touch screen to navigate through various items using the menu or next/previous buttons. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute WEBAP Oxygenation of dead sea bottoms SSV Wastewater Treatment Intelligence General information about our organization and its work. Project that mitigates the problem of dead sea bottoms. R&D-facility Hammarby Sjöstadsverk.

2. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute is an independent, non-profit research institute, owned by a foundation jointly established by the Swedish Government and Swedish industry. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute was established in 1966 and has since then been involved in the development of solutions to environmental problems, at national and international level. We work with applied research and contract assignments for an ecologically, economically, and socially sustainable growth within business and society at large. The institute employs around 200 experts, which makes IVL a leading institute for applied environmental research and consultancy services.

3. Collaborations We are members of a number of national and international networks. We also have close collaboration with universities. Through these connections, we have access to unique knowledge and highly qualified partners. • Hammarby Sjöstadsverk • CPM - Swedish Life Cycle Center • Mistra Urban Future • Sweden Green Building Council • Stockholm Cleantech • SMED - SvenskaMiljöemissionsData • NTM - Nätverketför transport ochmiljö • ENERO - European Network of Environ. Res. Org. • NORMAN

4. Organisation IVL is divided into six administrative units: • Research • Business Development & Marketing • Organizations, Products & Processes • Natural Resources & Environmental Effects • Air Pollution & Abatement Strategies • Climate & Sustainable Cities The units are collaborating in the theme areas: • Sustainable production • Sustainable building • Resource-efficient products and waste • Water • Climate and energy • Air and transport

5. More information IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute www.ivl.se Stockholm: +46 (0) 8 598 563 00 Göteborg: Tel. +46 (0) 31 725 62 00 Christian Baresel christian.baresel@ivl.se Tel:+46-8-598 56 406

6. WEBAPWave Energized Baltic Aeration PumpCan waves help to mitigate hypoxia in the Baltic Sea?

7. Eutrophication has many effects (7) Summer blooming of cyanobacteria • algae blooming • phosphorous-depending cyanobacteria • dead bottoms and hydrogen sulphide (1) Nitrogen is emitted to waters (2) Spring blooming of plankton Ecological and biological problems, large future economic problems for tourist- and fishery industry in the Baltic region. (6) Phosphorous is released (3) Algae die (4) Algae are de-composed which consumes oxygen (5) Bottoms get anoxic

8. Extent of oxygen-depleted bottom water In the Baltic Sea Worldwide

9. Need for action? • Doesn’t the Baltic take care of itself? • How affects and is the Baltic affected by climate change? • Can technical solutions help in a long term? Why do we think we need actions also in the Baltic and not only at sources? • There sure is a good monitoring of sources and these sources can be abated? • The Baltic in imbalance? Weakening of natural processes? Restore the Baltic Sea self-cleaning biogeochemical processes?

10. WEBAP: Aim Improved oxygen situation in deep water layers • Species that are dependent on conditions in deep water, would get a better environment and opportunities for reproduction. • Solved inorganic phosphorus released due to the reducing conditions in the bottom sediments will be bound in complexes and thus reduce the inorganic nutrient concentrations in the water. Yet: • 2-6 million tons of oxygen needed each year! • Enormous amounts of energy to pump oxygen down to 80-120m depth! Mission impossible?!

11. WEBAP: How? The use of natural resources: • Source of energy: waves • Source of oxygen: oxygen-rich surface water Advantages: • Oxygenation & mixing • Simple and robust design with no moving parts • No need for electricity

12. WEBAP: Planning and design • 18 tests with different wave conditions • mooring forces • Pump capacity for each wave spectra • Stability • Optimal ramp (30˚isoptimal) • other details

13. WEBAP: Pilot I Facts • 14 m with, variable ramp • faces waves at all conditions • outlet at 75m depth Measurements • Pump-capacity, wave parameter, currents, CTD-profiles, sediment, forces, stability, behaviour, etc. Operation period • November 2010 to April 2013 (with interrupted operationbetween December 2010 to July 2011)

14. WEBAP: Pilot II Facts • 2,5 m in diameter, variable pump-capacity between 1-4m3/s • maximal effect use 5 kW • outlet at 100m depth Measurements • Pump capacity, CTD-profiles, sediments, metals, nutrients, currents etc. Operation period • April 2011 to September 2012

15. WEBAP: Monitoring • Online monitoring • Field expeditions • Water and sediment samples • Historical data

16. WEBAP: Evaluation • Data evaluation • Modeling regional large scale impacts • Laboratory tests Ecotoxicology

17. Results (so far)? • Measurements and mapping of the lack of oxygen in the area indicate that the lack of oxygen in the pilot areas is more widely spread than previously estimated • Measurements confirm the estimated pumping capacity at different wave heights • Large scale implementation modeling establishing that the technique does not affect the salinity stratification • Modeling for the Gotland Deep based on field data show oxygenation of the whole area down to the seafloor after only five years

18. Results (so far)? • Tests with sediment and organisms from the pilot sites show no adverse effects of oxygenation • Potential to bind up to 100 000 tones of phosphorus, which can be compared with the annual land supply of around 30 000 tones /yrand the environmental objective to reduce this load by 15 000 tones /yr • Several setups for different conditions (waves, etc.) • Modeling of pumping in Kanholmsfjärden based on field data shows effect of oxygenation not only in Kanholmsfjärden but also in adjacent bays due to the high water exchange

19. Results (so far)? • Lifecycle Assessment (LCA) and Lifecycle Cost (LCC) analyses indicates that the WEBAP is the most sustainable and cost-efficient alternative

20. Dissemination an awareness increase Newspaper, conferences, TV, notice boards, homepage, Facebook, reports, exhibition, flyer, seminars, radio, etc.

21. Photo documentation Press a thumbnail in order to see a larger version of an image!

22. Project partner & collaboration partner Project group • IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute • KTH – Royal Institute of Technology • Municipality of Simrishamn Collaboration partner (selection) ÅboAkademi University, KIMO - Local Authorities International Environmental Organization, Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Erken Laboratory, Österlen Trade Society, Marint centrum, Österlens Fishing Association, Xylem Inc, Reinertsen, BWN consulting, MarincenterSyd, Konceptfabriken, MJK, Högmansövarv, Ressel, etc Collaboration with other projects BOX, PROPPEN, SEABED, Innovative Aquaculture Åland Islands

23. Future: solution combination? • Aquaculture? • Research station? • Tourism/Recreation • Energy platform? • Entrance to the Baltic?

24. More information Homepage:www.webap.ivl.se Contact: Christian Baresel christian.baresel@ivl.se Tel:+46-8-598 56 406e-post:info@sjostadsverket.se facebook.com/Wave-Energized-Baltic-Aeration-Pump-Webap

25. Wastewater treatment intelligenceThe need for R&D facilities to master the future

26. Background • > 2 billion people have water shortage • Diseases due to bad water quality • Millions lack proper waste-water treatment • Deterioration of quantity and quality of natural water systems • Agriculture uses 2/3 of the water that is consumed • Increasing water demand for industrial growth • New regulations (e.g. EU) • Use of chemicals in water treatment  <1% recycling • Request of use of renewable energy sources • Sustainablegrowth and development  Clear link to wastewater treatment

27. What we have: A treatment facility Problems/Challenges • The water sector is a major energy user • GHG emissions • Treated water is not used • Outflows may contain pollutants, viruses, pathogens etc. • Sludgeseen as a problem GHG out Sewage works Treated Water out Wastewater in Sludge out Energy in

28. What we want: A production facility Opportunities • Waste as resource • Net energy production • Nutrients recovery/reuse • Improvedtreatment • Water reuse (non-potable reuse/augmentation of potable water) • Sustainable production of energy and resources • Market opportunitets Energy out Nutrients out Sewage works Water reuse Wastewater in

29. Which technologies/approaches? • Resources efficient treatment technologies Soft sensors | Anaerobic treatment | Anammox | Side stream treatment | Advanced membrane technologies | Process control and modelling | … • Technologies for recovery and reuse Nutrient recovery from ashes | Nutrients in sludge/sorbent | Water reuse/ Irrigation (nutrient rich effluent) | Industrial water | Potable water | Augmentation of potable water| Removal of pharmaceuticals, pathogens, viruses etc. | Online water quality monitoring | … • Energy production & carbon neutral/negative processes Flow separation | Increased sludge production | Enhanced Sludge digestion (also co-digestion) | Sewage digestion | Gasification/burning | Microbiological fuel cell | Algae treatment | … • Key ingredient: Combination and system integration with a holistic perspective of these different technologies/approaches to meet different requirements.

30. What other ingredients are needed? • Stakeholder involvement (companies, authorities, research organisations, associations, sewage plants, etc.) • Basic and applied R&D partners • Innovation Platform • Demonstrators • Approach and Knowledge Transfer Networks • Improving skills base/Education • Public dialogue/involvement • International co-operation and collaboration  Optimal if you could find all these at the same location!

31. Where can this be achieved? Hammarby Sjöstadsverk: A unique research and demonstration plant for wastewater treatment • Applied (and basic) research • Test and demonstration of new solutions • Education • Owned by KTH and IVL

32. A unique R&D facility • Access to different wastewaters • Different aerobic/anaerobic treatment lines • Relevant pilot scale for realistic results at affordable costs • Mobile secondary/tertiary treatment modules • Sludge handling/biogas production • System integration • Competence

33. A platform for wastewater intelligence COLLABORATION EDUCATION EXHIBITIONS On average active at the facility • 5 PhD-students • 20-30 Master students, • 1-5 trainees • 5-10 company experts • 5-15 IVL employees • 2-6 lectors, professors etc. Resource-effectivewater purification Energy andclimate PRODUCT DEVELOPEMENT KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER Hammarby Sjöstadsverk Test- and demonstration facility for innovative wastewater purification Complementarytreatment Sewagesystems DEMONSTRATION RESEARCH TESTS

34. On-going projects • Removal of pharmaceuticals from the wastewater • Enhanced biogas production • Anammox: cost-effective and environmentally friendly nitrogen reduction technology • Minimizing the release of GHG by wastewater treatment • The use of waste heat for stable temperatures during the biological treatment • Bio-assimilation of nutrient in the biological step • Membrane distillation for ultra pure water • Complementary active sludge – membrane technology • Water reuse for non-potable and augmentation of potable water • Online water quality monitoring • …

35. Collaboration partner and sponsors

36. More information Homepage:www.hammarbysjostadsverk.se Contact: Christian Baresel christian.baresel@ivl.se Tel:+46-8-598 56 406e-post:info@sjostadsverket.se facebook.com/sjostadsverket