Philip Axe Environmental and Safety Services Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute

1. ECOOP Subtask 1.3.1 Assessment of the biochemical observational network: Data collection and overall assessment design Philip Axe Environmental and Safety Services Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Philip.axe@smhi.se

2. ECOOP Subtask 1.3.1 Assessment of the biochemical observational network Overall Aim: • Assess the effective coverage and explained variance of biochemical observational networks in two demonstration areas: the Baltic Sea & the southern North Sea, focussing on chlorophyll, oxygen & nutrient parameters. Through: • collect metadata and historical data for network assessment and to design the assessment strategy. • Generate the biochemical meta-data and historical data for the Baltic Sea and southern North Sea; • design the proxy run time period and purposes for the biochemical network assessment. 2014-11-09 1st Annual Meeting, 13th – 14th February 2008

3. ECOOP Subtask 1.3.1 How does this fit in with the rest of ECOOP/wp 1? Overall aim for ECOOP: Consolidate, integrate and further develop existing European coastal and regional seas operational observing and forecasting systems into an integrated pan-European system targeted at detecting environmental and climate changes… In particular (WP 1): Quantitatively assess European coastal and regional sea observational networks (including biochemical parameters) through both applying existing methodology (developed in EU FP5 project ODON) and developing new assessment methods and web-based assessment tools. 2014-11-09 1st Annual Meeting, 13th – 14th February 2008

4. European metadata collections: EDIOS EDMED EDMERP Common Data Index ICES: ROSCOP ECOOP Subtask 1.3.1 1. Metadata collection Sea-search 2014-11-09 1st Annual Meeting, 13th – 14th February 2008

5. ECOOP Subtask 1.3.1 Differences between metadata catalogues: • EDIOS: operational observations • EDMERP: research programmes • ROSCOP: cruises – with limited position information • CDI: Unified metadata catalogue, but incomplete 2014-11-09 1st Annual Meeting, 13th – 14th February 2008

6. ECOOP Subtask 1.3.1 2. Data availability Distribution of water bottle observations (inorganic & total nutrients, oxygen & chlorophyll a) from ICES (including restricted data sets) plotted for 2000 – 2007 2014-11-09 1st Annual Meeting, 13th – 14th February 2008

7. ECOOP Subtask 1.3.1 National data catalogues: • Data requested from national data catalogues • Remove duplicates when merging with ICES data 2014-11-09 1st Annual Meeting, 13th – 14th February 2008

8. Data available from GKSS Chlorophyll fluorescence data available Good description of both spatial & temporal variability Nutrient data undergoing QC ECOOP Subtask 1.3.1 Underway/ferryboxdata 2014-11-09 1st Annual Meeting, 13th – 14th February 2008

9. ECOOP Subtask 1.3.1 Satellite observations: • JRC make daily chlorophyll-a estimates available for the North & Baltic Seas from 1997 – 2007 • Accuracy of the algorithm is not known – particularly in the Baltic, where humics affect the visual signal 2014-11-09 1st Annual Meeting, 13th – 14th February 2008

10. ECOOP Subtask 1.3.1 Metadata generation • Identify: • Common information • Duplication/redundancy • Relevant data fields 2014-11-09 1st Annual Meeting, 13th – 14th February 2008

11. ECOOP Subtask 1.3.1 Unified metadata catalogue • Distilled metadata for ECOOP • Latitude, Longitude, Observation date, Platform, Depth, Data type (Nutrients/Nutrient type; Chlorophyll; Temperature & salinity) 2014-11-09 1st Annual Meeting, 13th – 14th February 2008

12. ECOOP Subtask 1.3.1 3. Proxy ocean assessment aims: • Produce a best estimate of the development of pelagic nutrient and chlorophyll-a concentrations during a one year period (winter - winter), for the southern North Sea including the Kattegat, and for the Baltic Sea (also including the Kattegat). Nutrients are primarily DIN, DIP and silicate. • To describe the temporal and spatial development of the spring bloom, summer production, and the onset of winter • To identify regions which are at present under-sampled, temporally or spatially • To identify regions where there is redundancy in the present monitoring network • To estimate the uncertainty in data from the present sampling regime due to an inability to know whether the spring bloom or the winter nutrient maximum has been sampled • To make recommendations concerning the optimum sampling frequency for the different areas of the North Sea and Baltic Sea • To identify limitations of this approach 2014-11-09 1st Annual Meeting, 13th – 14th February 2008

13. ECOOP Subtask 1.3.1 Proxy ocean assessment: methodology • ODON used multi-indicator method: • Effective data coverage • Noise – signal ratio • Statistical field reconstruction method • Observational System Simulation Experiment • ECOOP: • Effective data coverage & explained variance 2014-11-09 1st Annual Meeting, 13th – 14th February 2008

14. North Sea: ERSEM Phosphorus, as phosphate, dissolved and particulate organic phosphorus Nitrogen, as nitrate and ammonium, as particulate and dissolved organic nitrogen Silicate, in dissolved and particulate forms Primary producers as: diatoms, 20-200µ flagellates, 2-20µ picophytoplankton, 0.2-2µ (inedible) dinoflagellates, 20-200 µ Baltic Sea: BalEco Phosphate DIN (sum of ammonium, nitrate and nitrite) Silicate Molecular nitrogen can be fixed by cyanobacteria Primary producers as: Diatoms (potentially silicate limited) Flagellates Cyanobacteria ECOOP Subtask 1.3.1 Ecosystem models to use in analysis: 2014-11-09 1st Annual Meeting, 13th – 14th February 2008

15. ECOOP Subtask 1.3.1 4.Outlook • Proxy biochemical ocean generation • Statistical network assessment based on the proxy oceans • Spatial-temporal scale analysis • Comparison between model scales and observing system scales (in particular ferrybox data and buoy observations) • Estimate the effective coverage and explained variance 2014-11-09 1st Annual Meeting, 13th – 14th February 2008