Nate St. Pierre, Ed.D CAPT Associate July 26, 2011

1. Community Based Participatory ResearchA Webinar for Regional Behavioral Health Authorities and Community Organizations in Arizona Nate St. Pierre, Ed.D CAPT Associate July 26, 2011

2. Introductory Information • Welcome and Housekeeping items PowerPoint Slides • Webinar files will be placed on a web portal being developed for the Arizona RBHAs. A web link will be sent to you when the web portal is completed. • Introduction of webinar facilitator

3. Poll #1 Which of the following do you represent? a. Regional Behavioral Health Authority b. A community coalition c. A community-based organization d. Other

4. Objectives of Webinar • To learn about community based participatory research (CBPR) and its practical applications. • To exchange examples of appropriate and inappropriate guidelines in CBPR. • To explore the potential of CBPR in Arizona. • To provide information on tools, resources, and approaches to CBPR.

5. Why conduct research in our communities? • Research can • involve original work in answering a question • aid in solving a problem • serve as a powerful tool for community development • help assess the needs for community services • test proposed solutions for further action

6. Consider Community Dynamics • Location • Population characteristics • Relationship to nearby communities • Infrastructure • Governance • Economy • Health care • Resources • Human services

7. Poll #2 In your opinion, what makes the communities you work with unique? (check all that apply) a. People b. Location c. History d. Culture e. Other

8. Consider Culture • History • Customs • Values • Beliefs • Traditions • Relationships • Language differences • Ways of knowing • Ways of doing

9. Poll #3 Based on your experience, what would you want a visitor to know about the culture of the communities you work with? (check all that apply) a. Values b. Taboos c. Traditions d. Protocols e. Other

10. Question #1 How is knowledge about values, taboos, traditions and protocol derived and maintained in the communities you work with ?

11. Two Research Paradigms in Social Science • Qualitative • Purpose: to understand and interpret social interactions • Type of data collected: words, images, or objects • Objectives: to explore, discover, or construct • Quantitative • Purpose: to test hypothesis, look at cause-and-effect, and make predictions • Type of data collected: numbers and statistics • Objectives: to describe, explain, or predict Qualitative versus quantitative research. Xavier University Library. Retrieved July 18, 2011 from http://www.xavier.edu/library/help/qualitative_quantitative.pdf

12. Poll #4 Which of the following forms of data collection have you used in the communities you work with? a. Interviews b. Surveys c. Focus groups d. Field notes e. Other

13. Helicopter Research Consider the following scenario: A researcher is invited into a community and begins to gather information for a study. No one else from the community is involved as a researcher. After a short period, the researcher leaves the community to analyze the collected information. Some time later, the researcher publishes a report and most community members are unaware of the results of the study.

14. Question #2 What concerns would you have about helicopter research being done in the communities you work with?

15. The Net Effect of Helicopter Research • Misappropriation and/or misrepresentation of culture and specific conditions in a community • Inconclusive, and sometimes erroneous, assumptions about a people and their way of life • Individuals and their communities are disenfranchised, even powerless, or exploited, whether intentional or not • Communities can become marginalized and stereotyped • Reality is distorted

16. Poll #5 For the communities you work with, what might be considered inappropriate research practices? (check all that apply) a. Taking too much time b. Not following cultural protocols c. Not seeking appropriate community approvals d. Not including local people in the process e. Lack of communication f. Other

17. Research Approaches Useful to Communities Outside the Mainstream • Community-based research • Participatory action research • Community based participatory research

18. Community-Based Research What is it? • “Research that is completed with the approval and acceptance of the community and has some benefit in terms of education” (Guyette, 1983). • Example: School administrators combining results from a recent Youth Risk Behavior Survey and student focus groups to select best practices to prevent bullying in schools. Guyette, S. (1983). Community-based research: A handbook for Native Americans. Los Angeles: University of California, Los Angeles.

19. Participatory Action Research What is it? • “A partnership between the affected community and researcher where the community is actively involved in all phases of the research project” (Institute for Community Research). • Example: Community development planners want to create a public transit system. They conduct a needs assessment, work with local transportation authorities to analyze information in conjunction with other existing data, and share results with community members to design a transit system. Institute for Community Research—Research Methods. Retrieved July 18, 2011 from http://www.incommunityresearch.org/research.research.html

20. CBPR What is it? CBPR is a "collaborative approach to research that equitably involves all partners in the research process and recognizes the unique strengths that each brings” (W.K. Kellogg Foundation) W.K. Kellogg Foundation Community Health Scholars Program, community-campus partnerships for health: Transformation communities and higher education, CBPR . Retrieved June 27, 2011 from http://depts.washington.edu/ccph/commbas.html

21. An Example of CBPR A cross-section of community members (stakeholders) are concerned about the rise in substance abuse among local youth. These stakeholders want to create and implement a culture-based, community-wide program, to reduce and prevent youth substance abuse. Stakeholders collect key information using a mixed-method approach, hold ongoing community meetings and gain input to formulate program goals and objectives based on data, and work to secure funding to implement the program.

22. CBPR Why is it effective? • The research process may involve shared leadership and decision-making responsibilities. • It emphasizes the participation, influence, and control of non-academic researchers in the process of creating knowledge and change.

23. CBPR (cont.) Why is it effective? (cont.) • It can strengthen relationships within a local community. • It can involve everyone in the community. • It can provide participation structures and procedures needed to establish and maintain equitable partnerships.

24. Poll # 6 Which of the following might you consider important to CBPR? a. Building community partnerships b. Identification of research problems c. Collectively designing a research methodology d. Collaborating to analyze and give meaning to data e. All of them are important

25. Nine Principles of CBPR According to Israel, et al, CBPR has the following principles: 1) It acknowledges community as a unit of identity. 2) It builds on strengths and resources within the community. 3) It facilitates a collaborative and equitable partnership in all phases of the research process. Israel, B.A., Schultz, A.J. Parker, E.A., & Becker, A.B. (1998). Review of community-based research: assessing partnership approaches to improve public health. Annual Review of Public Health,19:173-202.

26. Principles of CBPR (cont.) 4) It fosters co-learning and capacity building among all partners. 5) It achieves a balance between research and action. 6) It emphasizes problems of local relevance and ecological perspectives. Israel, B.A., Schultz, A.J. Parker, E.A., & Becker, A.B. (1998). Review of community-based research: assessing partnership approaches to improve public health. Annual Review of Public Health,19:173-202.

27. Principles of CBPR (cont.) 7) It involves system development using a cyclical and iterative process. 8) It disseminates findings and knowledge to all partners and involves them in the dissemination of results. 9) It requires a long-term process and commitment to sustainability. Israel, B.A., Schultz, A.J. Parker, E.A., & Becker, A.B. (1998). Review of community-based research: assessing partnership approaches to improve public health. Annual Review of Public Health,19:173-202.

28. Question #3 • Given your understanding of CBPR at this point, what are some of the specific strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, or threats to using CBPR in the communities you work with?

29. Putting it all Together • Discussion • Questions and answers • Next steps for communities • Is there a need for further information or training concerning CBPR? If so, please describe. • Accessing online resources through portal • Conclusion

30. Contact Information Don Maestas, MSW T/TA Specialist, CSAP’s CAPT West Resource Team Center for the Application of Substance Technologies University of Nevada, Reno Reno, NV 89557 505-927-4260 dmaestas@casat.org

31. Contact Information Nate St. Pierre, Ed.D CAPT Associate Pullman, WA nrstpierre@gmail.com