Standard 3

1. Standard 3 The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution.

2. What is happening here? Who seem to be the aggressors?

3. What really happened? • October 1, 1768: British regulars arrived in Boston, MA to maintain order and enforce the taxes the colonists were asked to pay after the French and Indian War. • The people of Boston resented the British soldiers and considered them a foreign presence. They taunted them and prevented them from carrying out their duties.

4. What happened next? • March 5, 1770: The Twenty-Ninth Regiment came to the relief of the soldiers on duty at the Customs House. They were met by an unruly gang of civilians, many of them drunk after having left a local tavern. • It was dark, and the crowd threw snowballs, ice balls, horse manure, and anything else lying on the street at the soldiers. The crowd also taunted the soldiers by yelling and calling them names.

5. What happened next? • Captain Preston could not control the crowd as they taunted the soldiers. He ordered his troops "Don’t fire!" but with the commotion the troops fired and killed three men instantly; another two died later. The first man to die was Crispus Attucks, a black man (This is debated in History). • The funerals of the dead were great patriotic demonstrations. • The event and the propaganda surrounding it helped lead to the Revolutionary War.

6. The French and Indian War • This pitted the French and Indians against British regulars and colonists • The goal was to control the Ohio River Valley and Canada • The Albany Plan of Union was proposed by Benjamin Franklin as a way to congeal colonial strength • The war was won by the British and had many significant outcomes

7. The Treaty of Paris (1763) • Great Britain won the war. • France handed over Canada and surrendered all claims to land east of the Mississippi River.

8. The French and Indian War Outcomes • Colonists lose respect for the British regulars • British question colonial loyalties • British coffers run dry Results • British begin to tax the colonists • Colonists begin to think they can defeat the British army • The British crown imposes the Proclamation of 1763

9. The Proclamation of 1763 • The King of England issued the Proclamation to end the westward expansion of British colonists. • This happened because of armed conflict with Native Americans in the area. • Colonists continued to move west in opposition to the Proclamation. • The British’s inability to stop the colonist further undermined their authority.

10. The Acts • Sugar Act: • Raise money and tighten the enforcement of the Navigation Act • Quartering Act • Colonists must house and feed British regulars • Stamp Act • Taxed everyday products and was the first direct tax • All taxes previous were indirect on imports • Stamp Act protest • Formation of the Sons and Daughters of Liberty • The Stamp Act Congress • Boycotts

11. Sons and Daughters of Liberty • The first large scale anti-British movement in the colonies. • They organized a boycott of all British imports to the colonies. • It was a representative system because it had representatives from each colony.

12. The Boston Massacre • A group of British soldiers opened fire on protestors in Boston. • Five colonists were killed, including Crispus Attucks. • The Massacre lead to the development of Committees of Correspondence.

13. Committees of Correspondence • The Committees followed the Sons of Liberty. • The Committees had representatives from each colony to share information about the coming revolution and revolutionary ideals. • It followed Benjamin Franklin’s ideas about the colonies joining to resist British oppression.

15. The Boston Tea Party • The British government had given a tea monopoly to the British East India Company • The colonists were still boycotting and largely buying smuggled tea (this was more expensive) • The official British tea would be imported W/O the duty and be much cheaper • Colonists still avoided the cheap tea • Buying the tea would recognize the British right to tax • Colonists boarded a BEIC ship and dumped the tea into Boston harbor, similar incidents occurred in Virginia as well • As a response to the BTP, Britain passed the Coercive or “Intolerable” Acts designed to punish the colonists • The boycotts allowed the colonists to see they could live without British goods

16. The Intolerable Acts of 1774 • The Port of Boston was closed and blockaded until the colonists paid for the tea • The Administration of Justice Act said Royal officers were to be tried in Britain • Expanded Quartering Act • Colonists had to house British soldiers in their homes.

17. The First Continental Congress • It was a gathering in Philadelphia of 56 delegates from all of the colonies except Georgia. • The Congress called for the colonies to establish a new boycott. • It also called for the arming of the colonists and the forming of militias. • The idea of “No Taxation without Representation” is promoted.

18. A colonists wanting to settle new land taken from the French after 1763 would have been most upset about which of the following? • The Proclamation of 1763 • The Stamp Act • The Boston Tea Party • The Intolerable Acts

19. Committees of Correspondence would have been most devoted to which of the following? • Raising tobacco • Enforcing the Stamp Act • Protecting the king’s reputation • Encouraging discontent among the colonists

20. What did “no taxation without representation” mean to the colonists? • The taxing power of British shopkeepers is represented in Parliament. • There should be no taxation of British goods entering the colonies. • Taxation in the colonies should only be fro British citizens. • The colonists should not be taxed without representation in Parliament.

21. What followed the Boston Tea Party? • The free flow of trade between the colonies and other countries. • Harsh restrictions on colonial liberties and trade. • Increased self-government in New England. • The removal of British troops from the colonies.

22. C

23. Common Sense • It was a 47-page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine. • It convinced many readers, even those who favored a peaceful resolution with Britain, that a complete break was the only acceptable outcome.

24. Someone inspired by the writings of Thomas Paine in 1776 would most likely support which of the following statements? • “Long live King George!” • “The colonies must proclaim their independence!” • “Laws passed by Parliament must be respected.” • “Slavery is a moral outrage and must be abolished.”

25. What effect did Thomas Paine’s Common Sense have on the independence movement? • It made people feel like the fight has been lost. • It inspired Americans to fight the British. • It increased respect for the British government. • It ended the American Revolution.

26. Why is Thomas Paine given credit for saving the independence movement? • He led the Continental Army to victory at the Battle of Trenton. • His work, Common Sense, inspired colonists to fight for independence. • He wrote the 1783 Treaty of Paris ending the American Revolution. • He served as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention.

27. Unit 1 Book Questions Pg. 30: 1-9 Pg. 62: 1-10 Pg. 92: 1-9 Pg. 130: 1-9 Pg. 160: 1-8 Pg. 222: 1-9 Blog: www.pebblebrookhigh.typepad.com/mr_rathke