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New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Progressive Mathematics Initiative.

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  1. New Jersey Center for Teaching and Learning Progressive Mathematics Initiative This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and teachers. These materials may not be used for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the owners. NJCTL maintains its website for the convenience of teachers who wish to make their work available to other teachers, participate in a virtual professional learning community, and/or provide access to course materials to parents, students and others. Click to go to website: www.njctl.org

  2. Variables and Expressions Review 2012-05-22 www.njctl.org

  3. Setting the PowerPoint View • Use Normal View for the Interactive Elements • To use the interactive elements in this presentation, do not select the Slide Show view. Instead, select Normal view and follow these steps to set the view as large as possible: • On the View menu, select Normal. • Close the Slides tab on the left. • In the upper right corner next to the Help button, click the ^ to minimize the ribbon at the top of the screen.  • On the View menu, confirm that Ruler is deselected. • On the View tab, click Fit to Window. • Use Slide Show View to Administer Assessment Items • To administer the numbered assessment items in this presentation, use the Slide Show view. (See Slide 10 for an example.)

  4. Contents Click on a topic to go to that section. • Vocabulary • Translating Between Words and Expressions • Tables and Expressions • Evaluating Expressions • The Distributive Property • Combining Like Terms

  5. Vocabulary Return to Table of Contents

  6. What is a Constant? A constant is a fixed value, a number on its own, whose value does not change. A constant may either be positive or negative. Example: 4x + 2 click to reveal In this expression 2 is a constant.

  7. What is a Variable? A variable is any letter or symbol that represents a changeable or unknown value. Example: 4x + 2 click to reveal In this expression x is a variable.

  8. What is a Coefficient? A coefficient is the number multiplied by the variable. It is located in front of the variable. Example: 4x + 2 click to reveal In this expression 4 is a coefficient.

  9. If a variable contains no visible coefficient, the coefficient is 1. Example 1: x + 7 is the same as 1x + 7 Example 2: - x + 7 is the same as -1x + 7

  10. In 2x - 12, the variable is "x" 1 True False

  11. 2 In 6y + 20, the variable is "y" True False

  12. 3 In 3x + 4, the coefficient is 3 True False

  13. 4 What is the constant in 7x - 3? A 7 x B 3 C - 3 D

  14. 5 What is the coefficient in - x + 3? none A 1 B -1 C D 3

  15. 6 x has a coefficient True False

  16. What is an Algebraic Expression? An Algebraic Expression contains numbers, variables and at least one operation. × Example: 4x + 2 is an algebraic expression.

  17. What is an Equation? An equation is two expressions balanced with an equal sign. Example: 4x + 2 = 14 Expression 2 Expression 1

  18. What is the difference between an expression and an equation? • An expressions contains: • numbers • variables • operations • An equation contains: • numbers • variables • operations • an equal sign Click to reveal Click to reveal

  19. Translating Between Words and Expressions Return to Table of Contents

  20. List words that indicate addition

  21. List words that indicate subtraction

  22. List words that indicate multiplication

  23. List words that indicate division

  24. Be aware of the difference between "less" and "less than". For example: "Eight less three" and "Three less than Eight" are equivalent expressions. So what is the difference in wording? Eight less three: 8 - 3 Three less than eight: 8 - 3 When you see "less than", you need to switch the order of the numbers.

  25. As a rule of thumb, if you see the words "than" or • "from" it means you have to reverse the order • of the two items on either side of the word. • Examples: • 8 less thanb means b - 8 • 3 more thanx means x + 3 • x less than2 means 2 - x click to reveal

  26. The many ways to represent multiplication... How do you represent "three times a"? (3)(a) 3(a) 3 a 3a The preferred representation is 3a When a variable is being multiplied by a number, the number (coefficient) is always written in front of the variable. The following are not allowed: 3xa ... The multiplication sign looks like another variable a3 ... The number is always written in front of the variable

  27. Representation of division... How do you represent "b divided by 12"? b ÷ 12 b ∕ 12 b 12

  28. When choosing a variable, there are some that are often avoided: l, i, t, o, O, s, S Why might these be avoided? It is best to avoid using letters that might be confused for numbers or operations. In the case above (1, +, 0, 5)

  29. TRANSLATE THE WORDS INTO AN ALGEBRAIC EXPRESSION Three times j Eight divided by j j less than 7 5 more than j 4 less than j 0 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 3 2 j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j j - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4 5 7 6 8 9 ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷ ÷

  30. Write the expression for each statement. Then check your answer. The sum of twenty-three and m 23 + m

  31. Write the expression for each statement. Then check your answer. Twenty-four less than d d - 24

  32. Write the expression for each statement. Remember, sometimes you need to use parentheses for a quantity. Four times the difference of eight and j 4(8 - j)

  33. Write the expression for each statement. Then check your answer. The product of seven and w, divided by 12 7w 12

  34. Write the expression for each statement. Then check your answer. The square of the sum of six and p (6 + p)2

  35. The quotient of 200 and the quantity of p times 7 7 200 7p A 200 - (7p) B C 200 ÷ 7p 7p 200 D

  36. 8 35 multiplied by the quantity r less 45 35r - 45 A 35(45) - r B 35(45 - r) C 35(r - 45) D

  37. 9 Mary had 5 jellybeans for each of 4 friends. A 5 + 4 5 - 4 B 5 x 4 C D 5 ÷ 4

  38. 10 If n + 4 represents an odd integer, the next larger odd integer is represented by A n + 2 n + 3 B n + 5 C D n + 6 From the New York State Education Department. Office of Assessment Policy, Development and Administration. Internet. Available from www.nysedregents.org/IntegratedAlgebra; accessed 17, June, 2011.

  39. 11 a less than 27 A 27 - a a 27 B a - 27 C D 27 + a

  40. 12 If h represents a number, which equation is a correct translation of: “Sixty more than 9 times a number is 375”? 9h = 375 A 9h + 60 = 375 B C 9h - 60 = 375 D 60h + 9 = 375 From the New York State Education Department. Office of Assessment Policy, Development and Administration. Internet. Available from www.nysedregents.org/IntegratedAlgebra; accessed 17, June, 2011.

  41. Tables and Expressions Return to Table of Contents

  42. Practice Problems! Complete the table n n ÷ 5 20 40 80

  43. n 2n 20 40 click 40 80 click 100 200 click

  44. n n + 11 10 28 40

  45. n n - 60 80 120 180

  46. Mary's age is twice the age of Jack. Use that fact to complete the table. Mary's Age Jack's Age 12 24 28 14 48 24 a 2a click Can you think of an expression containing a variable which determines Mary's age, given Jack's age?

  47. The manager of the department store raised the price $15 on each video game. Original price Price after mark up $100 $115 $70 $55 $53 $38 click x x + 15 Can you find an expression that will satisfy the total cost of the video game if given the original price?

  48. A parent wants to figure out the differences in grade level of her two sons. The younger son is two years behind the older one in terms of grade level. younger son's grade level older son's grade level 6 4th grade 10 8th grade 2 Kindergarten click g g - 2 Write an expression containing a variable which satisfies the difference in grade level of the two boys.

  49. The tire manufacturer must supply four tires for each quad built. Determine the number of quads that can be built, given then number of available tires. # of tires # of Quads 20 5 40 10 100 25 t ÷4 or t/4 t Can you determine an expression containing a variable for the number of quads built based upon the amount of tires available?

  50. 13 Bob has x dollars. Mary has 4 more dollars than Bob. Write an expression for Mary's money. 4x A x - 4 B x + 4 C D 4x + 4

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