Michigan Hispanic Data Report 2011

1. Hispanic/Latino Commission of Michigan Michigan Hispanic Data Report 2011 • Rick Snyder • Governor • Daniel KrichbaumDirector

2. Hispanic/Latino Commission Members and Staff Commissioners: Lawrence Garcia Wayne County Commission Chairman Freddie Feliciano Wayne County Commission Vice-Chairman Olga Hernandez-Patino Eaton County Commission Secretary Jeorge Fierro Allegan County Commissioner Gilbert Guzman Kalamazoo County Commissioner Gilberto Guevara Saginaw County Commissioner Benjamin “Danny” Inquillia Wayne County Commissioner Art Luna Eaton County Commissioner Julio Morales Kent County Commissioner Mike Ramirez Ionia County Commissioner Alicia Ramon Oakland County Commissioner Art Reyes Genessee County Commissioner Maria Elena Rodriguez Wayne County Commissioner Melinda Ysasi-Castanon Kent County Commissioner Commission Office Staff: Marylou Olivarez-Mason Executive Director Victoria Garcia Administrative Assistant Alicia McCormick Intern from Eastern Michigan University

3. Michigan Hispanic Data Report 2011 POPULATION

4. General Hispanic Population • The Hispanic population for Michigan as of 2010 was 436,358 • Hispanics constitute approximately 4.4% of Michigan’s total population of 9,883,640 • From 2000-2010 Michigan’s Hispanic Population has grown from 327,052 to 436,358 • The percentage of Michigan population that is of Hispanic origin has increased from 3.2% in 2000 to 4.4% in 2010 Sources:U.S. Census Bureau, “Annual Estimates of Resident Population by Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin for Michigan: April 1, 2009 to July 1, 2009 (SC-EST2009-03-26)” published June 2010; see table 3, Population by Sex, Race, and Hispanic origin. U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census.2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Tables P1, P2, P3, P4, H1, Michigan.

5. Michigan Hispanic Population Trend, 1990-2010

6. Michigan Population by Race and Ethnicity, 2010 • Hispanic/Latino • Black • Non-Hispanic White • Native Americans • Asian • Other Source:U.S. Census Bureau: State and County QuickFacts. Data derived from Population Estimates, Census of Population and Housing, Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates, State and County Housing Unit Estimates, County Business Patterns, Nonemployer Statistics, Economic Census, Survey of Business Owners, Building Permits, Consolidated Federal Funds Report Last Revised: Friday, 03-Jun-2011

7. Michigan Hispanic Population by National Origin, 2010 • Mexican • Puerto Rican • Cuban • Other Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2010 Census. Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010   2010 Demographic Profile Data, Michigan

8. Michigan Hispanic Population Trend, 1990-2010 Over the next decade it is estimated that 30% of Michigan’s population will begin to enter retirement. Due to this void in the workforce, Michigan’s population growth is more imperative than ever. Despite this decrease in the Baby Boomer generation workforce, the Latino population continues to grow. The growth of the Latino population continues to be crucial to economic well-being of the state. Source: Steven R. Miller, Ruben O. Martinez, Amy Fuan, Measuring the Economic and Fiscal Contributions of Michigan’s Latino Population, April 2010, Julian Samora Research Institute. http://www.jsri.msu.edu/Publications/Economic%20and%20Fiscal%20Contributions%20Report.pdf

9. Michigan’s Hispanic Population by Age, 2006-2008 Percentage of Population Age Ranges Source:U.S. Census Bureau, 2006-2008 American Community Survey *These are based off the population estimates of 2006-2008. 9

10. Population • Michigan’s birth rate has dropped more than 21% over the last decade. • In 2000, there were 153,080 births to Michigan residents according to the U.S. Census and in 2009, 117,309 babies were born. This decline in population is having a detrimental effect on Michigan’s economy. • Michigan’s loss of manufacturing jobs has caused 15,855 jobs to leave Michigan resulting in economic loss of $1.9 billion. • The exodus of Michigan residents is having a negative effect on Michigan’s population and economy. • Therefore, Michigan is in need of immigrant population with a high birth rate to improve economic conditions. Sources: Gongwer News Service-Michigan. State Birth Rate Drops 21% Over Decade, Demographic says, Volume 49. Report 114, Article #9. June 14, 2010 Gongwer News Services-Michigan. Report States Exodus Led to $1.9B Loss in Economic Activity, Volume 48. Report 231, Artcile #7. December 1, 2009. 1900-2009 Michigan Residents Birth Files, Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics, Michigan Department of Community Health. Population Estimate (latest update 9/2009), National Center for Health Statistics,

11. Top 15 Counties with Highest Concentrations of Hispanics, 2010 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Race and Hispanic or Latino: 2010 - State -- County / County Equivalent2010 Census. 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File, Tables P1 and P2. “Race and Hispanic or Latino: 2010 - State -- County / County Equivalent”

12. Michigan Hispanic Data Report 2011 EDUCATION

13. Educational Attainment by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex (Males), 2009 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2011. “Table 226. Educational Attainment by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex:1970 to 2009” 13

14. Educational Attainment by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex (Females), 2009 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2011. “Table 226. Educational Attainment by Race, Hispanic Origin, and Sex:1970 to 2009” 14

15. Educational Attainment by Hispanics 25 years and older, 2009 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2011. “Table 227. Educational Attainment by Selected Characteristics: 2009”

16. Michigan Hispanics’ 2010 SAT Scores • A perfect composite SAT score is 2400 • Mexicans/Mexican Americans scored an average of 1577 • Puerto Ricans scored an average of 1659 • Other Hispanics scored an average of 1731 Source:SAT: College Bound Seniors: 2009 Profile of SAT Program Test Takers, and State Profile Report Michigan, http://professionals.collegeboard.com/profdownload/MI_10_03_03_01.pdf

17. Michigan’s Performance Score on the SAT, 2010 Source:SAT: College Bound Seniors: 2009 Profile of SAT Program Test Takers, and State Profile Report Michigan, http://professionals.collegeboard.com/profdownload/MI_10_03_03_01.pdf

18. Michigan Hispanics’ ACT Scores • A perfect combined ACT score is 36 • Hispanics scored an average of 17.7 in 2010 Source: ACT High School Profile Report, High School Graduating Class 2010 18

19. Average Michigan ACT Composite Score by Race/Ethnicity, 2010 Source: ACT High School Profile Report, High School Graduating Class 2010 *Core courses include English, Mathematics, Reading, and Science. The number of students in this report is 120,930

20. Advanced Placement Test Scores for Michigan High Schools • Of 72,880 advanced placement test takers in 2010, 1,987 or 2.7% Hispanics participated • The percentage of Hispanics in Michigan that passed with a 3, 4, or 5 (5 being the highest) on their AP tests was 51% • Many universities provide college credit for students who score a 4 or 5 Source: The College Board. AP Summary Reports: 2010. http://www.collegeboard.com/student/testing/ap/exgrd_sum/2010.html

21. U.S. Hispanic Graduation Rate/Dropout Rate • In 2008, the Hispanic graduation rate was 75.5% • From 1998 to 2008, the Hispanic dropout rate decreased from 29.5% to 18.3% - a 38% decline • Comparatively, the 2008 U.S. Caucasian dropout rate was 4.8% • In 2010, the Michigan Hispanic graduation rate was 59.92%, while the dropout rate was 22.07% • In 2007, the Michigan Hispanic graduate dropout rate was 130.8% higher than the 2005 U.S. rate Source: National Center for Education Statistics: Trends in High School Dropout and Completion Rates in the U.S.: 1972-2008 Center for Educational Performance and Information: State of Michigan 2010 Cohort 4-year Graduation and Dropout Rate Report by Race, Ethnicity, and Gender

22. College and University Enrollment • In 2009, Hispanics constituted 12.5% of the total fall college or university enrollment, compared to 62.3% constituted by their white peers and 14.3% constituted of their black peers • Nationally, Hispanics have increased their percentage of the total college or university enrollment from 10% to 12.5% from 2000-2009 Source: Mini-digest of Education Statistics, 2010. Table 12, “Racial/Ethnic distribution of Fall enrollment in degree-granting institutions: 1990, 2000, 2005, & 2009 22

23. In Michigan Latino students make up about 104,000 of the K-12 populations (about 6% of the total students). Latino students in Michigan have one of the highest dropout rates at 26%. The Michigan NCLB State Report Card 2008-2009 reported that about 60% of Latino students graduated from high school. Education Sources: Michigan School Report Card 2008-1009: http://oeaa.state.mi.us/ayp/ Ruben O. Martinez, Toward a Statewide Agenda on Latino Issues in Michigan: A summary report on the Statewide summit on the Latino Issues in Michigan. April 2010. Julian Samora Research Institute. http://www.jsri.msu.edu/Publications/2009%20Latino%20Summit%20Report.pdf

24. Access to Educational Resources, 2009 15% of Hispanics in Michigan have access to well-resourced, high-performing schools, compared to 34% accessibility of their white peers and 7% of their black peers In addition, 41% of Hispanics in Michigan are enrolled in poorly-resourced, low-performing schools in Michigan, compared with 13% of their white peers and 62% of their black peers Therefore, Hispanics have a likely chance to be disadvantaged by the lack of resources in the schools they attend Source: National Opportunity to Learn Campaign, Michigan State Report. http://www.otlstatereport.org/states/michigan#ftn2 24

25. Hispanics Attending Michigan Law Schools2010-2011 Source: *Percentages individually collected from each Law School’s admissions office. Students had option to not fill in their race/ethnicity so statistics are not exact

26. Michigan Hispanic Licensed Physicians and Medical Residents • Of 43,562 physicians licensed in Michigan in 2010, 3% were Hispanic. • Of 4,060 physicians holding an educational limited license (residency program) while they enrolled in a Michigan graduate medical training program in 2008, 82 were Hispanic. Source: Michigan Department of Community Health Survey of Physicians, Survey Findings 2010. Prepared by Public Sector Consultants Inc, January, 2011.

27. Michigan Hispanic Data Report 2011 EMPLOYMENT

28. Unemployment Rates for Hispanics • The sharp jump in unemployment rates in Michigan for Hispanics in 2001 is consistent with the heavy recession-induced job loss in manufacturing that occurred that year. According to this data, Hispanic jobless rates in Michigan have ranged from a low of 5.5% in 2006 to a high of 16.6% in 2009. The large jobless rate drop in 2006 for Hispanics may be overstated, as total unemployment statewide was basically flat. • Hispanic jobless rates have been significantly higher than average for all years except 2006. Hispanic jobless rates in most years were well above rates for whites, but remain below the jobless rates recorded for the Michigan African American labor force. • The jobless rate for Michigan Hispanics in 2009 is 16.6%, as compared to the 6.1% jobless rate for Michigan’s general population Unemployment rates for Hispanics in Michigan must be used with caution due to data fluctuations. Sources: Michigan Department of Labor & Economic Growth, Labor Market Information , American Community Service (ACS), 2007. Economic Policy Institute analysis of Current Population Survey Data, Michigan League for Human Services, December, 2010

29. United States Household Hispanic Income, 2009 Percent Source: US Census Bureau, Current Population Survey, 1968 through 2010 Annual, Social, and Economic Supplements

30. Michigan Household Hispanic Income Estimate, 2006-2008 Source: Data Set: 2006-2008 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates

31. Michigan Median Earnings By Race Source: American Community Survey, 1-year Estimates, 2009

32. Areas of Employment by Hispanics, Employment Distribution by Occupational Categories • Michigan Hispanics are more concentrated in occupations of services and production, manufacturing, and leisure and hospitality than occupations in information, financial, and administrative services industries • A much higher proportion of Michigan Hispanics were employed in production occupations versus the nation (16% for Michigan vs. 9% for the U.S.). This partially reflects the fact that Michigan’s economy has traditionally had a higher proportion of its total workforce employed in manufacturing. • Relatively speaking, fewer Hispanics in Michigan were employed in construction and extraction occupations than nationally (9% vs. 14% percent). The higher relative availability of production positions in Michigan, due to its large manufacturing base, provides alternative job opportunities for Hispanics who might otherwise pursue construction jobs. Skill and educational requirements for these jobs can be similar, although some of the production positions offer greater potential for year-round work. Source: Measuring the Economic and Fiscal Contributions of Michigan’s Latino Population, April 2010 http://www.jsri.msu.edu/Publications/Economic%20and%20Fiscal%20Contributions%20Report.pdf

33. Employment Distribution by Level of Income • According to U.S. Census data, Hispanic workers in Michigan were disproportionately concentrated in the lowest wage categories when compared with the overall labor force. • Hispanics experience higher unemployment rates, earn less, and are more likely to be concentrated in low pay jobs than their counterparts • The median earnings for Michigan Hispanics’ annual personal income in 2009 was $18,300 in relation to $27,000 for non-Hispanic whites and $21,000 for blacks • Annually, Hispanics earn less than their counterparts by an average of $9,833 nationally and $7,541 in Michigan . Sources: Measuring the Economic and Fiscal Contributions of Michigan’s Latino Population, April 2010 http://www.jsri.msu.edu/Publications/Economic%20and%20Fiscal%20Contributions%20Report.pdf Demographic Profile of Hispanics in Michigan, 2009. http://pewhispanic.org/states/?stateid=MI

34. Michigan Hispanic Data Report 2011 ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

35. Economic Development • In Michigan 1.4 million people (about 14% of the total population) is under the poverty level. Of that, 25% are Latinos and 11% are whites. • Overall 22% of Michigan’s children under age five live in poverty; this represents 38% of Hispanic children and 45% of Black Children. • Households with single mothers and children under five have a 50% poverty level. • While the Latino population has a high rate of employment, the jobs are at the lower-level occupations. • Michigan Latinos 16 years and over had a 69% employment rate and a unemployment rate of 9%. • Michigan’s white labor force 16 years and over has a 64% employment rate and 5% unemployment. • Michigan has a median household income of $45,255 for all residents. • Michigan Latino population median household income is estimated at $36,413 compared with that of whites with an estimated income at $48,651. Sources: Ruben O. Martinez, Toward a Statewide Agenda on Latino Issues in Michigan: A summary report on the Statewide summit on the Latino Issues in Michigan. April 2010. Julian Samora Research Institute. http://www.jsri.msu.edu/Publications/2009%20Latino%20Summit%20Report.pdfGongwer News Services-Michigan. Report Says Poverty Increasing in State, Volume 4. Report 246, Article #9. December 21,2009.

36. Migrant and Seasonal Farm Workers Agriculture is a crucial part of Michigan’s economy 58% of Michigan’s economic activity is accounted for by crops that use migrant labor 81% of farm workers are Spanish speakers and 75% are of Mexican descent The average migrant family consists of 5 people and their income ranges between $12,244 to $16,773, well below poverty level There have been numerous complaints and investigations of civil rights violations regarding migrant farm workers in Michigan Source: National Center for Farm Worker Health, “Migrant and Seasonal Demographics”, 2009

37. Michigan Hispanic Data Report 2011 HOUSING

38. Hispanic Homeowners’ Occupancy Rate, Level of Hispanic Renters, and Hispanic Homeless Rate • Of 2,879,057 Michigan homeowners in 2007, the percentage of Hispanic homeowners was 2.2% or 63,913. • Between 1990 and 2007, homeownership for Hispanics in Michigan more than doubled from 25,000 to 63,913. • Of 3,849,007 Michigan homeowners in 2007, the percentage of Hispanic homeowners was 2.9% or 110,194. Fifty-eight percent of Michigan Hispanic householders owned a house. Refer to the chart on next page. • The 2008 data showed that there were 2,049 homeless Hispanics in Michigan.* *Total count on the MSHMIS, which covers 76.3% of homeless. Projected total number is 2,686. Sources: U.S. Census Bureau, 2007 American Community Survey. Michigan Coalition Against Homelessness. (no new data available)

39. Michigan Hispanic Data Report2011 HEALTH

40. Uninsured Hispanic Children and Adults • 24.1% of Hispanics in Michigan were uninsured in 2009, compared to 12.2% of the total population. • The rate of uninsured Hispanics has increased by 6.6% since 2004-2006 from 17.5% to 24.1% in 2009. • Hispanics have the highest risk of being uninsured in Michigan Source: American Community Survey, 1 Year Estimates 2009.

41. Uninsured Michigan Residents by Race • In 2009, Hispanics composed 4% of Michigan’s general population, but 6.6% of Michigan’s uninsured population. Source: Michigan Department of Community Health: Special Report, June 2008 & August 2010 & American Community Survey, 1 year estimates

42. Hispanic Infant Mortality Rate Live births, Infant Deaths, and Infant Death Rates Michigan Hispanic Residents, 2000-2009 Michigan Hispanics have a higher than average infant mortality rate Sources: Michigan Department of Community Health, “Michigan Infant Death Statistics: January 1 through December 31, 2009” Michigan Department of Community Health, Minority Health Section. “Hispanic/Latino in Michigan: Health Snapshot” 2009

43. Chronic Diseases • Heart Disease: This the number one cause of death for all Michigan residents, including Hispanics. 30.4% of Michigan adults reported having high blood pressure in 2009, which greatly increases the risk of heart disease • Cancer: In 2010, it is estimated that 55,660 patients were newly diagnosed with cancer in Michigan. There were 7340 women with breast cancer and 5170 with colorectal. Cancer is the second leading cause of death for Hispanics. • Diabetes: 12.4% of Michigan adults were diagnosed with diabetes in 2009. Currently, Michigan is ranked the 11th state in the United States for the population with diabetes. It is estimated that 2 out of 5 Michigan Hispanics will develop diabetes though the course of their life and 1 out of 2 Hispanic females will develop diabetes. • HIV/AIDS: Michigan Hispanics have the 2nd highest rate of HIV/AIDS. In 2010, 5% of the Hispanic population in Michigan had HIV/AIDS and it is estimated that 860 live with HIV/AIDS. • Obesity: From 2001-2008, obesity prevalence rose 21.8% with Michigan ranked as the 8th most obese state in the United States. In 2009, 42.6% of Michigan Hispanics were obese and Hispanic children were reported to have the highest obesity rate. Sources: Michigan Department of Community Health, 2009 Michigan Resident Death File, Diviision of Vital Records, and Health Statistics Michigan Department of Community Health, “Michigan Health Disparities Dashboard: Burden of Disease”, 2009 Michigan Department of Community Health, Minority Health Section. “Hispanic/Latino in Michigan: Health Snapshot” 2009 Michigan Department of Community Health, Obesity Chapter. “Overweight and Obesity in Michigan: Surveillance Update 2011” American Cancer Society, Inc. 2010 Surveillance and Health Policy Research HIV/AIDS Reporting System, “2010 Profile of HIV/AIDS in Michigan: Description of Epidemic by Race & Sex”

44. Michigan Hispanic Data Report 2011 CIVICENGAGEMENT

45. Civic Engagement • Nationally, there has been a 53% increase in Hispanic elected officials from 1996-2010 • In Michigan, Hispanic elected officials grew from 4 to 11 between 1996 and 2006, defined as State Executives and Legislators, County and Municipal Officials, Judicial/Law Enforcement Officials, and Education and School Board members. In 2010, the number fell to 11, of which one-third work for Judicial/Law Enforcement. • Latinos made up 2% of the total registered voters in the 2008 presidential election and 6.9% of total registered voters in the 2010 midterm elections. • In 2009, Michigan had one Hispanic in the State Senate, and two in the State House of Representatives. • The increasing number of Hispanic elected officials was due both to the growth of the Hispanic population and the development of mobilization efforts within the Hispanic community. Sources: National Association of Latino Elected and Appointed Officials (NALEO) Education Fund website address, http://www.naleo.org/08PostElec-Profile.pdf Ruben O. Martinez, Toward a Statewide Agenda on Latino Issues in Michigan: A summary report on the Statewide summit on the Latino Issues in Michigan. April 2010. Julian Samora Research Institute.http://www.jsri.msu.edu/Publications/2009%20Latino%20Summit%20Report.pdf\ Pew Hispanic Center

46. Michigan Hispanic Data Report 2011 LEGAL AND IMMIGRATION

47. U.S. Hispanic Undocumented Immigrants • As of 2010, it is estimated that there are 11.2 million undocumented immigrants in the United States making up approximately 3.7% of the national population. Michigan had less than 50 cases of unauthorized immigrants in 2010 • Roughly 8.4 million unauthorized immigrants resided in the United States in 2000, which grew by about 800,000 a year between 2000 and 2004, and about 500,000 a year between 2004 and 2008, with a decrease each year. • Undocumented immigrants come from North and Central America, Europe, Mexico, Cuba, South and East Asia, Dominican Republic, Russia, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras to name a few. • In 2010, about 400,000 undocumented immigrants were deported by U.S. Homeland Security and almost 50% (195,000) were convicted criminals Sources: Pew Hispanic Center, Unauthorized Immigrant Population: National and State Trends, Department of Homeland Security, “Secretary Napolitano Announces Record-breaking Immigration Enforcement Statistics Achieved under the Obama Administration.” Released October 6, 2010

48. Processing Timeline, Location, and Cost for U.S. Citizenship Application • Timeline: The current actual timeline average for the naturalization process is two years. • Location: United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), Detroit, Michigan. • Cost: $680.00 in 2011. Source: U.S. Department of Homeland Security & U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, 2011

49. Legal and Immigration • Nationwide lawmakers have introduced 1,180 bills and resolutions regarding immigration within all 50 states and Puerto Rico during the first few months of 2011. • These bills are inspired by the immigration debate triggered by Arizona’s immigration law controversy • Michigan’s legislature has introduced bills similar to Arizona’s Immigration Law and resolutions both supporting and opposing Arizona-style immigration laws. Source: Gongwer News Services-Michigan. NCSL: States Expected to Keep Leading on Immigration, Volume 49. Report 146, Article #10. Thursday 29, 2010.