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Classification

Classification. By: Amber Tharpe. Taxonomy- science of naming and classifying organisms Taxon- group of organisms in a classification system Carolus Linnaeus- responsible for scientific naming system we use today.

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Classification

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  1. Classification By: Amber Tharpe

  2. Taxonomy- science of naming and classifying organisms • Taxon- group of organisms in a classification system • Carolus Linnaeus- responsible for scientific naming system we use today

  3. Binomial nomenclature- system that gives each species a 2 part scientific name using Latin words • Always underlined or written in italics • Genus- a group of physically similar species • First part of a scientific name, always capitalized • Species indicator- most specific part of scientific name • Second part of scientific name, always lowercase

  4. Why use this complicated system? • Universal • Latin is a dead language • Some species have more than 1 common name • Ex: roly-poly aka pillbug, sowbug,and potato bug • Armadilidium vulgare

  5. Seven Levels of Classification • Kingdom (most general) • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species (most specific) • King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti

  6. Look at Figure 17.3 on p. 520 • What animals are dropped as we move from kingdom to phylum? • What well-known Australian animal is excluded from the Carnivora order, which includes all true bears? • How can this be? • From what you can infer from the figure, what are the characteristics of animals in the order Carnivora?

  7. Limitations of Linnaean Classification • Focuses on physical similarities alone • Does not account for convergent evolution • Genetic research has proved the flaws in this system

  8. Phylogeny- evolutionary history for a group of species • Cladistics- classification based on common ancestry • Cladogram- diagram that shows an evolutionary family tree- how species are related through common ancestors • Derived characters- traits seen in some species, but not seen in others • Nodes- points where a branch splits

  9. Molecular Evidence • Proteins and DNA are compared to determine evolutionary relationships • Molecular clocks- models that use mutation rates to measure evolutionary time

  10. Classification • Always changing • Currently • 3 Domains • 6 Kingdoms • 3 Domains • Archaea • Bacteria • Eukarya • Made up of eukaryotic cells

  11. Classifying Organisms Today • Determine groups by comparing: • physical structures • biochemistry (DNA and proteins) • evolutionary relationships • Still discovering many new species in • Tropical rain forests • Deep ocean

  12. 6 Kingdoms • Archaea (Archaebacteria) • Bacteria (Eubacteria) • Protista • Animalia • Plantae • Fungi

  13. Archaea • Single-celled prokaryotes with special cell walls that allow them to live in extreme environments

  14. Bacteria • Single-celled prokaryotes with cell walls made of peptidoglycan • Ex: bacteria and blue-green algae • Protista- microscopic organisms that lack 1 or 2 characteristics to fit in any other category • Ex: euglenas, amoebas, paramecia, and single-celled algae • Plantae- multicellular autotrophs with cell walls made of cellulose with tissue systems

  15. Fungi- heterotrophs that absorb food from dead materials • Ex: mushroom (multicellular) and yeast (single-celled) • Cell walls made of chitin • Animalia- multicellular heterotrophic animals with organ systems • Ex: humans, cats, insects, worms, sponges, ect.

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