Illegal Drugs

1. Illegal Drugs Some things you need to know. Health Ed. II-Mrs. Fisher

2. 3 classes of Illegal Drugs • Class A Drugs • are the most addictive and harmful • Examples: cocaine, crack, meth, ecstasy, heroin, LSD • Class B drugs prepared for injection • Just having a class A drug in your pocket can get you up to seven years in prison. • If you sell a class A drug you will be classified as a dealer. • Someone who is caught dealing drugs could get sentenced to life in prison. http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw

3. 3 classes of Illegal Drugs • Class B Drugs • Examples: amphetamines (speed), barbiturates, cannabis, codeine • Very harmful and addictive • If found with a Class B, can receive up to 5 years in prison. • Dealers will receive up to 14 years in prison http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw; http://safe.met.police.uk/drugs_and_alcohol/get_the_facts.html

4. 3 classes of Illegal Drugs • Class C Drugs • Includes tranquilizers and steroids • Can get up to 2 years in prison for possession • Dealers can get up to 14 years in prison. http://safe.met.police.uk/drugs_and_alcohol/get_the_facts.html

5. Marijuana-What is it? • Mixture of dried and shredded leaves, stems, seeds and flowers of the cannabis sativa plant. • Contains the chemical tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) along with 400 other chemicals • THC is psychoactive (mind altering) • The amount of THC determines the strength or potency of marijuana • THC content has increased since the 1970s. • From reports of confiscated marijuana in 2007, the THC content averages almost 10% http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_mj1.php

6. Marijuana-Street names • Pot • Grass • Herb • Weed • Mary Jane • Reefer • Skunk • boom http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_mj1.php

7. Marijuana-How is it used? • Most commonly smoked • “joint” or “nail”-rolled into a cigarette • “Bong”-smoked through a water pipe • “Blunt”-cigar hollowed out and filled with marijuana • some users brew it as tea or mix it with food. http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_mj1.php

8. What do they look like? • Joint blunt bong

9. Marijuana-Short term effects • Initial “high”-pleasant feelings • THC triggers release of dopamine (creates good feelings). • Loss of coordination/balance-cerebellum • Memory/learning-hippocampus • Judgment/decision making • Perception • Increase in heart rate http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_mj1.php

10. Marijuana-effects on the brain • Ability to perform complex tasks is compromised. • Early use of marijuana increases risk to develop psychosis if there is a genetic vulnerability • Loss of contact with reality, delusions (false ideas about what is happening), and hallucinations • Associated with depression and anxiety • People get addicted to the increase of dopamine (produces happy feelings) http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_mj2.php

11. Cocaine/Crack-What is it? • Stimulant • Cocaine is a powder form of a hydrochloride salt made from the leaf of a coca plant • Crack is the smokable form of cocaine • Processed with ammonia or baking soda and water • Then it is heated to remove the hydrochloride http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_stim1.php

12. Cocaine/Crack-Street Names • Blow • Coke • Snow • Nose candy • Big C • Powder http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw

13. Cocaine/Crack-How is it abused? • Snorting-through nose. Absorbed through nasal tissues into blood stream. • Injecting • Smoking **all three methods can lead to addiction and other health problems http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cocaine

14. Cocaine/Crack-short term effects • increased energy • Increase body temperature • Constricts blood vessels • reduced fatigue • mental alertness • Increase blood pressure • Increase heart rate **all due to the fact that cocaine is a stimulant **the faster cocaine is absorbed into bloodstream and delivered to the brain, the more intense the high http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cocaine

15. Cocaine/Crack-Long term effects • headaches • gastrointestinal complications such as abdominal pain and nausea • Malnourishment-tends to decrease appetite • If snorted-loss of the sense of smell, nosebleeds, problems with swallowing, hoarseness, chronically runny nose • Users can experience heart attack or stroke which can lead to sudden death http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/cocaine

16. Methamphetamine-What is it? • Central nervous system stimulant (very powerful) • Comes in clear crystals or powder • Easily dissolves in water • Street names: ice, speed, chalk, crystal, tweak, poor man’s cocaine, stove top http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_stim1.php

17. Meth-effects on the brain • Effects short- and long-term memory by changing the structure of the brain. • Meth users have delusions and hallucinations • Hear voices, feel as though they have bugs crawling under their skin, paranoia • Highly addictive-trains the brain to think that meth is the only way to feel good • Meth brain http://www.methproject.org/answers/what-does-meth-do-to-your-brain.html#Brain-Damage

18. Meth-what does it do to your body? • Rots your teeth • Causes your hair to fall out • Raises body temp • Severely increases heart rate and blood pressure • Lose muscle tone and bone density • Graying skin, open sores, and acne • Involuntary muscle contractions, uncontrollable twitching, strange movements • Meth body http://www.methproject.org/answers/what-does-meth-do-to-your-body.html#Body-by-Meth

19. Meth-short term effects • including increased wakefulness • increased physical activity • decreased appetite • increased respiration, rapid heart rate, irregular heartbeat, increased blood pressure • hyperthermia http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw

20. Meth-long term effects • extreme weight loss • severe dental problems (“meth mouth”) • anxiety, confusion, insomnia, mood disturbances, and violent behavior. • display a number of psychotic features, including: • paranoia, visual and auditory hallucinations, and delusions (for example, the sensation of insects crawling under the skin). http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/methamphetamine

21. Inhalants-What are they? • Chemical vapors that are inhaled in order to get high • Come from a variety of products that are found in the home and workplace • More commonly abused by younger adolescents because of availability/access • Categorized into 4 categories http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inhale1.php

22. Inhalant Categories • Volatile Solvents-liquids that vaporize at room temperature • paint thinner, nail polish remover, degreaser, gasoline, white out, markers • Aerosols-sprays that contain propellants and solvents • Spray paint, hair spray, cooking spray • Gases-household or commercial products, or used as medical anesthetics • Whipped cream dispensers, butane lighters, propane tanks, nitrous oxide, chloroform • Nitrites-used primarily as sexual enhancers • amyl, butyl, and cyclohexyl nitrites http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inhale1.php

23. Inhalants-Street Names • "laughing gas" (nitrous oxide) • "snappers" (amyl nitrite) • "poppers" (amyl nitrite and butyl nitrite) • "whippets" (fluorinated hydrocarbons, found in whipped cream dispensers) • "bold" (nitrites) • "rush" (nitrites) http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inhale1.php

24. Inhalants-How are they abused? • Vapors inhaled through nose or mouth by one of the following ways: • "Sniffing" or "snorting" fumes from containers • Spraying aerosols directly into the nose or mouth • Sniffing or inhaling fumes from substances sprayed or placed into a plastic or paper bag ("bagging") • "Huffing" from an inhalant-soaked rag stuffed in the mouth • Inhaling from balloons filled with nitrous oxide • The “high” lasts only a few minutes, • Inhalers try to make the high last longer by inhaling repeatedly over several hours http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inhale1.php

25. Inhalants-Long Term effects • Break down myelin-nerve cells unable to transmit messages as efficiently • Brain damage-prevents cells from absorbing oxygen • Heart damage • Liver failure • Muscle weakness • Irregular or rapid heart rhythms http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inhale1.php

26. Inhalants-Lethal effects • can cause irregular or rapid heart rhythms and can lead to heart failure and death within minutes. • This "sudden sniffing death" is particularly associated with the abuse of butane, propane, and chemicals in aerosols. • death from suffocation-inhalant vapor takes the place of oxygen in the lungs and brain • inhaling from a paper or plastic bag or in a closed area greatly increases the chances of suffocation. • can die by choking on their own vomit or by fatal injury from accidents, including car crashes. http://teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/facts_inhale1.php

27. Hallucinogens-What are they? • distort the way you perceive reality • Can make you see, hear, and feel things that don’t exist • Examples: • LSD-an odorless, colorless chemical that comes from ergot, a fungus that grows on grains. • Mushrooms-chemical found in approximately 190 species of edible mushrooms. • Mescaline-occurs naturally in certain types of cactus plants, including the peyote cactus. • PCP-synthetic drug in tablet, capsule, or powder form http://www.abovetheinfluence.com/facts/drugshallucinogens

28. Hallucinogens-Street names • LSD-Acid, blotter, cubes, microdot, yellow sunshine, blue heaven • Mushrooms (Psilocybin)-Simple Simon, shrooms, silly putty, sherms, musk, boomers • Mescaline-Cactus, cactus buttons, cactus joint, mesc, mescal, mese, mezc, moon, musk, topi • PCP-Angel dust, ozone, wack, rocket fuel http://www.abovetheinfluence.com/facts/drugshallucinogens

29. Hallucinogens-short term effects • can cause rapid, intense emotional mood swings • twist and alter the way your brain processes your senses, feelings and visual information. • When unable to get a grip on reality, normal events and situations can take on an unreal and frightening quality. • Anxiety, fear, paranoia (sometimes verging on psychosis http://www.abovetheinfluence.com/facts/drugshallucinogens

30. Hallucinogens-Long term effects • all hallucinogens can cause flashbacks—feelings and thoughts that replay the effects of being on the drug weeks or even years after taking them. • risk of developing long-lasting psychoses or mental disorders http://www.abovetheinfluence.com/facts/drugshallucinogens

31. Club drugs-what are they? • Includes GHB, rohypnol, ketamine, LSD, and ecstasy http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw

32. Club drugs-street names • Ketamine: special K, vitamin K, jet • GHB-liquid ecstasy, Georgia Home Boy, G • Rohypnol: roofies, forget me pill • Ecstasy: X, XTC, love drug, hug • LSD: acid, blotters, dots www.drugabuse.gov

33. GHB • central nervous system depressant: usually ingested in liquid, powder, tablet, and capsule forms. • Effects: • May last up to 4 hours, depending on the dose used. • Slows breathing and heart rates to dangerous levels. • sedative and euphoric effects that begin up to 10-20 minutes from ingestion. • Use in connection with alcohol increases its potential for harm. • Overdose can occur quickly-sometimes death occurs. http://www.fbi.gov/scams-safety/clubdrugs

34. MDMA-aka Ecstasy • amphetamine-based, hallucinogenic type drug that is taken orally, usually in a tablet or capsule form. • Effects: • Lasts 3-6 hours. • Enables dancers to dance for long periods of time. • Increases the chances of dehydration, hyper tension, heart or kidney failure, and increased body temperature, which can lead to death. • Long-term effects include confusion, depression, sleep problems, anxiety, paranoia, and loss of memory. http://www.fbi.gov/scams-safety/clubdrugs

35. Ketamine • injectable anesthetic used primarily by veterinarians • found either in liquid form or as a white powder that can be snorted or smoked, sometimes with marijuana. • Effects: • Causes reactions similar to those of PCP, a hallucinatory drug. • Results in impaired attention, learning, and memory function. In larger doses, it may cause delirium, amnesia, impaired motor function, high blood pressure, and depression. http://www.fbi.gov/scams-safety/clubdrugs

36. Rohypnol • Tasteless and odorless sedative: easily soluble in carbonated beverages, with toxic effects that are aggravated by concurrent use of alcohol. • Effects: • Can cause anterograde amnesia, which contributes to Rohypnol's popularity as a "date rape" drug. • Can cause decreased blood pressure, drowsiness, visual disturbances, dizziness, and confusion. http://www.fbi.gov/scams-safety/clubdrugs

37. Bath Salts-what are they? • substituted cathinones-synthetic, concentrated versions of the stimulant chemical in Khat. • Methylenedioxypyrovalerone(MDPV), mephedrone and methylone are the chemicals most often found in Bath Salts. http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bath-salts

38. Bath Salts-what does it look like? • sold in powder form in small plastic or foil packages of 200 and 500 milligrams under various brand names. • Mephedroneis a fine white, off-white or slightly yellow-colored powder. • It can also be found in tablet and capsule form. • MDPV is a fine white or off-white powder. • K2 is typically sold in small, silvery plastic bags of dried leaves and marketed as incense that can be smoked. • It is said to resemble potpourri. http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bath-salts

39. Bath Salts-”brand names” • Bliss * Meow Meow • Blue Silk * Ocean Burst • Cloud Nine * Pure Ivory • Drone * Purple Wave • Energy-1 * Red Dove • Ivory Wave * Snow Leopard • Lunar Wave * Vanilla Sky • Stardust * White Knight • White Dove * White Lightning http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bath-salts

40. Bath salts-how are they used? • usually ingested by sniffing/snorting. • can also be taken orally, smoked, or put into a solution and injected into veins. http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bath-salts

41. Bath Salts-short term effects • very severe paranoia-can sometimes cause users to harm themselves or others. • suicidal thoughts, agitation, combative/violent behavior, confusion, hallucinations/psychosis • increased heart rate, hypertension, chest pain, death or serious injury • The speed of onset is 15 minutes, while the length of the high from these drugs is 4-6 hours. http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bath-salts

42. Bath Salts-long term effects • None have been proven because the effects differ from person to person • People claim to see demons/evil spirits or other horrible visions and end up causing physical harm to themselves or others • Examples: a person saw 25 police cars outside of his house and used a butcher knife to slit his own throat. Another left their 2-year old daughter in the middle of a highway because she “had demons”. http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/bath-salts

43. Tobacco-what is it? • Agricultural crop • Active ingredient is nicotine • Classified as a stimulant • Usually smoked • Sometimes “dipped” or “chewed”-nicotine is then absorbed through the gums http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/tobacco

44. Tobacco-street names • Chew • Dip • Smoke http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/tobacco

45. Tobacco-short term effects • body responds immediately to the chemical nicotine in the smoke. • Nicotine causes a short-term increase in blood pressure, heart rate, and the flow of blood from the heart. • causes the arteries to narrow. • Carbon monoxide reduces the amount of oxygen the blood can carry. • creates an imbalance in the demand for oxygen by the cells and the amount of oxygen the blood is able to supply. http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/tobacco

46. Tobacco-Long term effects • chronic lung disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke, as well as cancer of the lungs, larynx, esophagus, mouth, and bladder. • smoking is known to contribute to cancer of the cervix, pancreas, and kidneys. Researchers have identified more than 40 chemicals in tobacco smoke that cause cancer in humans and animals. • Smokeless tobacco and cigars can cause lung, larynx, esophageal, and oral cancer. • Women who use tobacco during pregnancy are more likely to have adverse birth outcomes, including babies with low birth weight, which is linked with an increased risk of infant death and with a variety of infant health disorders. http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/tobacco

47. Tobacco-something to think about • Effects of tobacco use do not just effect the user • All people are effected by environmental tobacco smoke • This is actually more dangerous because it is not necessarily filtered If you use tobacco products, please be considerate of others around you. http://www.drugfree.org/drug-guide/tobacco

48. Alcohol-what is it? • Classification: depressant • Active ingredient-Ethanol • Proof-the amount of ethanol found in alcohol. http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw

49. Alcohol Short-term effects • Slurred speech • Drowsiness • Vomiting • Distorted vision and hearing • Impaired judgement • Unconsciousness • Coma • Blackouts http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw

50. Alcohol Long-term effects • Unintentional injuries (falls, burns, crashes) • Intentional injuries (sexual assault, firearm injuries, domestic violence) • Alcohol poisoning • Family/relationship problems • Brain damage http://www.thesite.org/drinkanddrugs/drugsafety/thelaw/drugsandthelaw