Chapter 4 Workbook Questions Review

1. Chapter 4 Workbook Questions Review Collins Standard 3:1

2. How did Uncle Tom’s Cabin influence people in the North? • Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a work of fiction that became extremely popular, especially among women. • It described the cruelty of slavery and convinced many people to support the abolitionist movement.

3. What political parties came together to form the Republican Party? • Some of the Northern Democrats • The Whigs • The Free Soilers • What was their platform? • The platform of this party was to stop the spread of slavery.

4. What was the political party of the South? • The political party of the South was the Democrat Party. • Until the 1950’s, this will be the party of farmers • they have the same agenda that Democratic Republicans from the era of Thomas Jefferson – small government, states’ rights, farmers are the backbone of the nation, strict interpretation of the Constitution

5. What did the South fear about Lincoln? • The South feared that Lincoln would try to end slavery • How did SC and 11 other southern states react to Lincoln’s election? • They seceded from the Union

6. What happened at Fort Sumter? • Big Idea: First shots of the Civil War fired here • What led to shots being fired at Fort Sumter? • It was a federal fort in Charleston harbor • Running low on supplies • When federal ship tried to resupply, Confederates fired on fort, forced federals to surrender

7. Review of steps leading to War • High tariffs and Nullification Crisis • Compromise of 1850 – Fugitive Slave Law • Kansas Nebraska Act • Dred Scott Decision • Growing abolitionist leanings • Lincoln running for President

8. Advantages of North v. South • North • More railroad lines • More factories • Experienced government • More people for more troops • South • Better military commanders • Motivation – protecting land and homes • Defensive war – didn’t have to win, just don’t lose – war of attrition – wear downt the enemy

9. Manassas/Bull Run • Confederates won, had better commanders

10. Second Manassas/Bull Run • Confederates won….. • This led to General Lee’s overconfidence and his decision to invade the North - Gettysburg

11. Antietam • Single bloodiest day of battle in the Civil War • Because the Confederates left the field, it is considered a Union victory • BUT….Union General did not pursue Lee’s troops after the battle and lost a critical advantage

12. Chancellorsville • Confederate Victory • Confederates won because the North had poor leadership • It was late in the afternoon and the Northern troops were setting up camp • Lee divided his forces and attacked

13. Vicksburg • Located along the Mississippi – used to guard the Mississippi River by the Confederates • Union won the battle after several weeks of bombarding the city and starving out the people of the city • Union victory – captured partial control of the Mississippi River and essentially “cut the Confederacy in two…”

14. Sherman’s March – Total War • Sherman gave the order to burn everything in his path • Burn cities, homes, and crops • Wage war on the civilian population – something not done before • Burned Atlanta and then marched towards the sea destroying many cities along the way, including Columbia, SC

15. Why Total War? • Grant and Sherman felt that this would make the South surrender quicker

16. Importance of Naval Battles? • First war where we see “Iron Clad” ships at war

17. Why keep Maryland from joining Confederacy? • If Maryland had been allowed to join the Confederacy, the Capital of the Union would have been surrounded by Confederate states • Lincoln decided to put Maryland under martial or military law and occupation

18. Lincoln suspended Habeas Corpus • Jailed Maryland leaders who sympathized with the Confederate cause… • Legal? Probably not, but it set a precedent for future Presidents to suspend Civil Rights during war time • Again, Why did Lincoln do this? • To keep Maryland from joining the Confederacy

19. Border States • Kentucky • Missouri • Maryland • Delaware • West Virginia – a state that became a state during this war

20. Why southern sympathizers in border states? • Many people in these states either grew cotton • Many people in these states were slave owners

21. Why was the draft controversial in the North? • Men with money could pay $300.00 to the government to get out of the draft • Many immigrants and poor people who could not afford to pay their way out had to serve – this caused bad feelings • There were riots in NYC because of this

22. Copperheads? • Union Democrats who criticized Lincoln and created a fear among poor Northerners that freed slaves would come to the North and take factory jobs

23. What did Lincoln hope to achieve with E.P? • He hoped to strip the South of its slave labor, labor which was providing for the South’s supplies by keeping the cotton trade going • Slaves kept plantations running while owners were away at war • Slave grown cotton was traded for war supplies with Europe

24. Significance of 54th Mass? • First all black regiment – attacked Fort Wagner in SC and while many died, they fought bravely and sacrificed themselves for the Union cause

25. Grant’s goal? • To wage total war and bring war to a quick end

26. Why did Lee surrender when he did? • He wanted to spare his mean from more death and harm….

27. Map

28. Anaconda Plan

29. With the Union preserved, the nation entered a period known as • Reconstruction

30. What did the government attempt to do during this era? • Rebuild the South • Punish the South for the war

31. How did Lincoln feel about the south after the war? • Lincoln’s goals never really changed, he wanted the Union back together • He did not want the South to suffer – the suffering during the war had been bad enough

32. What happened to Lincoln? • Lincoln was assassinated shortly after Lee surrendered at Appomattox Courthouse

33. President after Lincoln? • Andrew Johnson

34. Johnson’s feelings towards the South? • He was sympathetic towards the South because he was a Southerner

35. What was his plan called? • Presidential Reconstruction

36. How did Radical Republicans in Congress view Johnson’s plan? • They felt that Johnson’s plan was too lenient or easy on the South

37. What kind of Reconstruction did the radical Republicans want? • They wanted to see the south punished • They wanted Republican governments in each state – fair elections were to be held, giving rights to newly freed African Americans • Past Confederates could not vote or hold office • Each state was to write a new Constitution

38. Why did Radical Republicans want a harsher plan? • They wanted to punish the South for the war • They were outraged that these ex-Confederates could walk back into Congress after the war and hold office as if nothing had happened – Radicals wanted to see these men suffer

39. Outline the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments • 13th – abolished slavery • 14th – gave citizenship to African Americans • 15th – gave African American men suffrage • The way we can remember this for the EOC is: • Free, citizen, vote – you can’t be a citizen if you aren’t free, you can not vote if you aren’t a citizen – so – free, citizen, vote

40. Why did Congress vote to impeach President Johnson? • They did not like his Reconstruction plan – they felt that it was too lenient/easy on the South • They used a technicality to impeach him – he misused the Tenure of Office Act • He was impeached, but he was not removed from office

41. Was Congress successful in removing Johnson? • No

42. What activity did many “freedmen” turn to in order to make a living? • Many of them turned to sharecropping

43. What was bad about this system? • This system tied poor people to the land, they often became trapped in a cycle of debt • They were using the landowners land to grow cotton, they had to give a portion of their profits to the landowners • Landowners provided land, and sometimes tools, but the sharecropper often had to buy other supplies on credit. • If sharecroppers could not pay the bill at the end of the season, they would have to work the next farm season to pay the debt.

44. What was tenant farming? • Tenant farmers rented the land from the landowners so they were less at the mercy of crooked landowners.

45. Purpose of Freedman’s Bureau • It provided clothing, medical care, meals and education for newly freed persons

46. Greatest Success of F. Bureau? • Public Education/Public schools

47. Purpose of churches for African Americans during this period? • Centers for Social and political life • Encouraged African Americans to become more politically active

48. African American participation on politics after the war? • Some served in state government offices and state legislatures • Some served in Congress representing their states

49. Conflicts within the African American communities? • “Elite” African Americans – many of whom had been free before the war, did not want to see land taken from landowners • Elite felt they were superior to poor, uneducated African Americans • Freed people resented seeing Northern African Americans holding public offices and being elected to office in southern states

50. What were black codes? • Southern states passed these to restrict the rights of newly freed blacks AFTER the war but BEFORE strict Reconstruction was imposed on the south by the federal government/Radical Republicans