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Lake Succession and

Lake Succession and. Eutrophication. Lake Succession - Trophic States. Oligotrophic Mesotrophic Eutrophic Extinction. General Characteristics of Lakes. The Eutrophication Process: Succession. Nutrient enrichment Increased organic matter production

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Lake Succession and

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  1. Lake Succession and Eutrophication

  2. Lake Succession - Trophic States Oligotrophic Mesotrophic Eutrophic Extinction

  3. General Characteristics of Lakes

  4. The Eutrophication Process: Succession • Nutrient enrichment • Increased organic matter production • Increased growth transfers up the food chain • Gradual filling of basin • Sedimentation • Accumulation of slowly decomposing plants (peat) • Terrestrial plant invasion

  5. Lake Succession

  6. Natural succession depends on: • Original basin shape • Mean depth • Nature of drainage basin • Erosion rates • Soil composition  nutrient inputs • Hydrologic residence time • Climate • Rain and snowfall • Mean temperature • Geologic age

  7. Succession and Stratification

  8. Cultural (Human Induced) Eutrophication • Sources of nutrient enrichment • Municipal sewage • Industrial wastes • Agricultural fertilizers • Detergents (phosphorous) • Sediment from land clearing, road building, land development • Poor forest practices

  9. Cultural Eutrophication

  10. Examples of Cultural Eutrophication • The Great Lakes • Large population increases and forest clearing • Point and non-point nutrient sources • Volumes and retention times influence response • Lake Erie (shallow) – most rapid eutrophication and recovery • Lake Ontario (deep) – slow recovery due to internal loading • Lake Michigan (large and deep) – extreme local eutrophication • Lake Superior (larger volume) – slow response to nutrient loading

  11. Eutrophication in the Great Lakes as Reflected in Total Dissolved Solids

  12. Lake Erie

  13. Lake Washington • Progressive eutrophication – highly populated watershed • Then recovery ( Transparency,  Coliform) following sewage diversion • Relatively rapid response – short hydraulic residence time (little internal loading) • Mostly a P issue, N levels remained high

  14. Lake Washington Recovery

  15. Lake Washington

  16. 25% of the lakes in the US have become Eutrophic within the last 100 years

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