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IONS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS

IONS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS. REMEMBER HOW WE CAN PREDICT ION CHARGES FROM THE PERIODIC TABLE. IONIC COMPOUNDS. Examples. Pattern:. NaCl MgCl 2 Li 3 N AlCl 3 K 2 O. Metal + NonMetal Cations and Anions both present Overall charge of compound = 0

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IONS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS

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  1. IONS AND THEIR COMPOUNDS

  2. REMEMBER HOW WE CAN PREDICT ION CHARGES FROM THE PERIODIC TABLE

  3. IONIC COMPOUNDS Examples Pattern: • NaCl • MgCl2 • Li3N • AlCl3 • K2O • Metal + NonMetal • Cations and Anions both present • Overall charge of compound = 0 • Number of electrons given = number of electrons taken

  4. OVERALL CHARGE MUST = 0 • Na+1 + Cl-1 = NaCl • Mg+2 + 2Cl-1 = MgCl2 • 3Li+1 + N-3 = Li3N • Al+3 + 3Cl-1 = AlCl3 • 2K+1 + O-2 = K2O

  5. GIVE THE FORMULAS FOR THE COMPOUNDS THAT CONTAIN THE FOLLOWING PAIRS OF IONS • Ca2+ and S2- • Sr2+ and F- • Fe3+ and Cl- • Na+ and S2- • Mg2+ and O2- • CaS • SrF2 • FeCl3 • Na2S • MgO

  6. NAMING TYPE I IONIC COMPOUNDS • Type I ionic compounds = the metal present forms only one type of cation • Metals in Groups 1, 2, 16 and 18, along with Al (3+), Zn (1+) and Ag (1+).

  7. NAMING TYPE I BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS • The cation is always name first and the anion second • A simple cation (from a single atom) takes its name from the name of the element. E.g. Na+ is called “sodium” in the names of the compounds containing this element. • A simple anion is named by taking the first part of the element name and adding –ide. E.g. Cl- ion is called “chloride” • Write the name for the compound by combining the names of the ions • “Sodium Chloride”

  8. NAME THESE COMPOUNDS • NaI • CaO • CaS • MgO • AlCl3 • MgI2 • Sodium Iodide • Calcium Oxide • Calcium Sulfide • Magnesium Oxide • Aluminum Chloride • Magnesium Iodide

  9. MORE PRACTICE Ch 4, p. 119 and 121 Problems 6, 25, 41, and 42

  10. TRANSITION METALS COMPLICATE THINGS • Many transition metals can form more than one cation. These cations have different charges • E.g. Au can form Au+ and Au3+, Fe can form Fe2+ and Fe3+ • To indicate these different charges in the names of compounds, chemists use a system of Roman numerals conveying the different “oxidation numbers” of the cations • E.g. AuCl3 is called “Gold (III) Chloride; AuCl is called “Gold (I) Chloride) • The Roman numeral indicates the charge of the cation, NOT the number of ions present!!!!!!!

  11. NAMING TYPE II BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS • Type II compounds – the metal present can form 2 or more cations that have different charges (this will usually be a transition metal) • Give name of cation, the roman numeral indicating the cations charge, and the name of the anion (the root of the element forming the ion + -ide) • E.g. Fe2O3 = Iron (III) Oxide; FeO = Iron (I) Oxide

  12. NAME THESE COMPOUNDS • HgO • PbCl4 • HgCl2 • SnBr4 • CoCl3 • Mercury (II) Oxide • Lead (IV) Chloride • Mercury (II) Chloride • Tin (IV) Bromide • Cobalt (III) Chloride

  13. MORE PRACTICE Ch 4, p. 118, 122 Problems 8 and 44

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