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European Dictators Prior to WW II

European Dictators Prior to WW II. Spain Italy U.S.S.R. Germany. SPAIN. Spain Prior to 1936 . Spain had been a monarchy up until 1931 when a republic was declared. The government came under the control of both liberals and socialists. Socialists – those who believe in socialism

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European Dictators Prior to WW II

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  1. European Dictators Prior to WW II

  2. Spain Italy U.S.S.R. Germany

  3. SPAIN

  4. Spain Prior to 1936 • Spain had been a monarchy up until 1931 when a republic was declared. • The government came under the control of both liberals and socialists. • Socialists – those who believe in socialism • Liberals – those who believe in individual freedoms

  5. Socialism • A form of government in which the state owns or controls the industries that produce basic goods and services. EXAMPLES: • Communications • Transportation • Power generation

  6. Spanish Civil War • July, 1936 – Army leaders favoring a Fascist-style government revolted • Led by General Francisco Franco

  7. Fascism • A form of government which promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule.

  8. Foreign Intervention in Spain • Both Germany and Italy sent troops and equipment to help Franco’s ‘Nationalist’ forces. • The Soviet Union sent equipment and advisors to help the ‘Republican’ elected government. • The Western Democracies remained neutral

  9. Outcome • Franco’s forces defeated the Republican resistance early in 1939. • Franco became Spain’s Fascist dictator

  10. ITALY

  11. Benito Mussolini

  12. The Fascist Party • Mussolini founded the Fascist party in 1919. • He promised to rescue Italy from rising inflation and unemployment as well as social unrest following World War One • He publicly criticized the government as conditions worsened.

  13. Mussolini Takes Power • Mussolini supporters attacked both Communists and Socialists on the streets of Italy in order to weaken his opponents • October 1922 – Mussolini marched on Rome and demanded that King Victor Emmanuel III place him in charge of the government.

  14. Il Duce • Il Duce – leader • Mussolini abolished democracy and outlawed all political parties except the Fascists • Jailed his opponents • Took control of newspapers and radio stations • Outlawed strikes

  15. U.S.S.R(Union of Soviet Socialist Republics)

  16. Joseph Stalin

  17. Stalin’s Rise to Power • Stalin became general secretary of the Communist Party in 1922 • By placing his supporters in key positions, Stalin was able to take total command of the Communist Party by 1928

  18. Communism • An economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people • Private property does not exist • All goods and services are shared equally

  19. Stalin Forms a Totalitarian Government • Totalitarianism – a form of government that takes total, centralized state control over every aspect of public and private life • Business • Family life • Labor • Housing • Religion • Education • The Arts • Youth Groups

  20. Stalin’s Reforms • Industrial Revolution • Consumer good production was cut in favor of heavy industry • Workers were assigned jobs • Agricultural Revolution • Developed collective farms • Wealthy peasant farmers who resisted were eliminated

  21. Stalin’s Purges • Beginning in 1934, Stalin eliminated anyone who threatened his power • By 1939, it is estimated that he was responsible for the deaths of between 8 million and 13 million Russians

  22. Germany

  23. Adolf Hitler

  24. Rise of the Nazis • In 1920, Hitler joined the National Socialist German Workers’ (Nazi) Party • Chosen der Führer due to his organizational skills as well as his speaking ability • Adopted the Swastika as its symbol

  25. Beer Hall Putsch • 1923 attempt by the Nazis to seize power in Munich • Hitler was arrested and tried for treason • Sentenced to five years in prison, however he only served nine months

  26. Mein Kampf • While in prison, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf – “My Struggle” • Set forth his plans for Germany • Aryan master race • Identified sub-humans: Jews, Gypsies, Slavs • Lebensraum – Living space (Russia)

  27. Revival of the Nazis • Hitler revived the party after leaving prison in 1924 • The Great Depression hit Germany hard • Loans from America stopped • 30% unemployment • Banks closed • Communist Party gained power • Germans turned to Hitler for leadership

  28. Hitler Becomes Chancellor • By 1932, the Nazis had become the largest political party in Germany • January 1933 – President Paul von Hindenburg appointed Hitler as Chancellor under political pressure • Hitler turned Germany into a Totalitarian State

  29. Other European Dictatorships • Hungary • Poland • Yugoslavia • Albania • Bulgaria • Romania

  30. Democratic Countries • Czechoslovakia • Britain • France • Norway • Sweden • Denmark

  31. Hitler Clip: 2:56 • YouTube - Hitler - Mein Kampf (documentary) First speech as chancelor.

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