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The Road to WWII: Treaty of Versailles and the Rise of Fascism

Explore the events leading to WWII, from the Treaty of Versailles to the rise of Fascism in Germany, Italy, and Japan. Learn about Hitler's beliefs, Mussolini's goals, and Japan's expansionist policies. Discover key agreements like the Nazi-Soviet Pact and the impact of events like the Munich Agreement and Pearl Harbor. Understand the consequences of appeasement, isolationism, and the changing dynamics of global power. Witness the dramatic shifts in alliances and ideologies that shaped the course of history.

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The Road to WWII: Treaty of Versailles and the Rise of Fascism

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  1. Road to WW II

  2. Treaty of Versaillesand Germany • Germany: • Took Responsibility • Gave up Territory • Limited Military • Assumed War Debt

  3. Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi)

  4. Hitler beliefs described in Mein Kampf (My Struggle) • Germans are superior “Aryan race” • Destined to rule the world and the inferior races within it. • Germany’s economic problems were caused by Jews • Germans needed more land to fill with the pure race • Germany will be the Third Reich ( The other two being Rome and The German Empire)

  5. Fascism • System which usually has a dictator who establishes strict social and economic controls usually by threat of force. Nationalistic in behavior Once in Power Hitler: • Forced the army to take a loyalty oath • Outlawed political opposition • Censured Media • Hitler employed many Germans building the military, highways, sports arenas, and schools.

  6. Nuremberg Laws (1935) • Deprived Jews of citizenship • Banned marriages between Jews and Non-Jews • Jews had to register and wear yellow stars

  7. Reasons Hitler wanted to build up the military • Stimulate the economy • Increase national pride • Allow Germany to expand (“elbow room”) • Be able to defend itself against Russia

  8. Mussolini’s Goals • Build Military to stimulate economy and patriotism • Unite Italy to spread a new Roman Empire • Replace democracy with fascism.

  9. Japan’s Goals • Gain land for population (65 million) • Gain land for raw materials • “Asia for Asians” • Invades China • Quarantine Speech • FDR called for containing fascism through economic embargoes

  10. Once in Power Mussolini: • Controlled elections • Outlawed opposition • Censured media • Mussolini employed many Italians by building schools, roads, and industry

  11. Neutrality Acts (1935-1937) • Forbade selling weapons to aggressive nations • Banned Americans from traveling on ships of warring countries • Banned loans to nations at war • Isolationism: The policy to avoid getting involved in any foreign problems. Concentrate on issues at home

  12. The Munich Agreement • British Prime Minister Chamberlain agrees that Hitler can occupy the Sudetenland as long as he promises to not touch the rest of Czechoslovakia or any other part of Europe Appeasement • Making concessions to preserve peace.

  13. Nazi-Soviet Pact (Aug. 1939) • Germany and Russia agree to divide Poland and not attack each other. • Sept. 1939 Germany invades Poland • Britain Declares War!

  14. US Response to German invasion of Poland • Cash and Carry Policy: • Britain can buy weapons from the US only in cash. • Britain had to transport them

  15. The Axis Powers Expand! • April 1940 Germany takes Denmark and Norway • May 1940 Germany takes Holland, Belgium, and Luxemburg • June 1940 Germany conquers France • July 1940 The Battle of Britain Begins

  16. Battle of Britain • 1000 German planes a day • 1500 fires in Dec. 1940 alone • 30,000 killed • 120,000 injured • America debates Neutrality

  17. Lend Lease Act (Dec 1940) • Allows for the transfer of military equipment to nations whose defense was considered vital to the defense of the US • US ships will convoy materials as far as Iceland Reasons for Lend Lease • Britain cannot stand by itself • Good neighbor policy

  18. Atlantic Charter (Aug. 1941) • Meeting between FDR and Prime Minister Churchill where they agreed that after the war the US and Britain will: • Not seek to gain territory • Support the right of all people to choose their own government

  19. Dec. 7 1941 • Pearl Harbor • “A day that will live in infamy”

  20. 8 Battle Ships and 10 other ships Sank or were badly damaged

  21. 188 Planes destroyed

  22. 2300 Americans Killed

  23. Reason for Attack on Pearl Harbor • Crushing US Naval and Air power in pacific would force the US into dealing with Japan to avoid war / invasion. Result: • Dec. 8 1941 US declares war on Japan • Dec. 10 1941 Germany and Italy declare war on US

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