Salutary Neglect

1. Salutary Neglect

2. Term for the hands off style of governance that the British maintained over the American colonies during the reigns of King George I and George II (1714-1760) • Contributed to the rise of colonial self reliance • Ended after the French and Indian War, when the British imposed the Proclamation of 1763 and the Sugar Act

3. Fort Necessity

4. 22 year old George Washington and his militia built this fort across from Fort Duquesne

5. French and Indian War

6. Also known as the Seven Years War • Fought from 1756-1763 between American colonists and British troops on one side , and the French and Native Americans tribes on the other side • Americans and British won, expanding the western frontier of the colonies • Gave British control of North America • Followed by the Proclamation of 1763

7. Pontiac • Pontiac

8. This Ottawa leader and his men captured eight British forts, and laid siege on two others.

9. Treaty of Paris

10. Treaty that ended the French Indian War.

11. Proclamation of 1763

12. British proclamation after the end of the French and Indian War • Prohibited colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains • Angered American colonists • Marked the end of Salutary Neglect

13. Navigation Acts

14. Series of acts of Parliament passed between 1561 and 1776 to restrict trade in the American colonies • Among other duties, the Navigation Acts taxed hats, wool, molasses, sugar, and tea, as well as banned commerce with any nation not part of the British Empire

15. Stamp Act

16. Passed in 1764 (shortly after the Sugar Act) by Parliament • Levied taxes on all documents and printed items • Intended to raise funds to pay British debts from the French and Indian War • Gave rise to the American cry of “No taxation without representation” • Led to the rise of the Sons of Liberty

17. “No Taxation without Representation”

18. Many American colonists did not want to pay taxes unless they were fairly represented in parliament The colonists protested this phrase

19. Sugar Act

20. Passed in 1764 by Parliament • Increased taxes on sugar and widened the scope of the Vice admiralty courts • Along with the Proclamation of 1763 and the Stamp Act, led to increased agitation among American colonists

21. Townshend Acts

22. 1768 act of Parliament that imposed new duties on paper, paint, glass, and tea imported into the American colonies • Used the revenue to pay British government officials working in the American colonies, thus preventing the colonists from withholding the salaries of officials who enforced British laws in the face of popular disapproval • Led the colonists to boycott taxed goods • Eventually resulted in the Boston Tea Party

23. “Virtual representation”

24. British response to American colonists’ argument against “taxation without representation” • By this, Britain meant that each member of Parliament represents the interests of all citizens in the British Empire equally, thereby representing the American colonists despite their inability to send their own representatives to Parliament • Argument was roundly mocked by colonial rabble-rousers, including the Sons of Liberty and Thomas Paine, author of Common Sense

25. Sons of Liberty

26. Name of the group of colonial activists who organized to incite opposition to British rule in the American colonies • Founded in response to the Stamp Act • Most famous for their leadership in the Boston Tea Party

27. Boston Massacre

28. 1770 confrontation between colonists and British troops stationed in Boston • Colonists taunted and abused soldiers until the soldiers fired on the crowd, killing five colonists • Colonial rabble-rousers spread propaganda about the incident, portraying the dead as innocent victims and calling the event this.

29. committees of correspondence

30. Massachusetts and Virginia set up this communication network to communicate with other colonies about this and other threats to American liberties.

31. Boston Tea Party

32. After the repeal of the Townshend Acts, the Tea Tax was still in place • In protest, in December 1773, a group of colonists under the leadership of the Sons of Liberty and disguised as Mohawk Indians boarded a British ship in Boston Harbor and threw its cargo of tea into the harbor • The British responded by passing the Intolerable Acts (also known as the Coercive Acts), which closed Boston Harbor, among many other provisions • As a result, the First Continental Congress convened

33. Intolerable Acts

34. Colonial nickname for acts of parliament known as the coercive acts • Passed in 1774 in response to the Boston Tea Party • Closed Boston Harbor, Prohibited meeting of colonists to discuss political or economic matters, and required colonists to provide housing for British soldiers • Provided the drive for the first continental congress

35. Common Sense

36. Political pamphlet designed to incite colonists to support the move for independence, which would eventually lead to the American Revolution • Published by Thomas Paine in January 1776

37. Enlightenment

38. A social movement in Europe during the eighteenth century • Also know as the age of reason • Characterized by greater emphasis on science, mathematics,logic, and law • Many of the social theories of the Enlightenment were reflected in the Declaration of Independence

39. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN

40. One of the founding Fathers • Newspaperman, civic leader, scientist, inventor, writer, and politician • Signed the Declaration of Independence • Served as U.S. ambassador to France during George Washington’s presidency • Famous for inventing the lightening rod and for writing Poor Richard’s Almanac and the Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin

41. Thomas Jefferson

42. One of the Founding fathers; Virginian. • Author of the Declaration of Independence. • Ambassador to France under the Articles of Confederation government. • Author of the 1786 Virginia statute on religious freedom • Secretary of state during George Washington’s presidency until he resigned in protest of the First National Bank • After resigning was founder and leader of the Democratic Republican Party. • Vice president during the presidency of John Adams • Leader of the opposition to the Alien and Sedition Acts • One of the author of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions • Leader of the Revolution of 1800’s • President from 1801-1809 • Approved the Louisianan Purchase • Commissioned the expedition of Virginia • Architect, scientist, inventor, reader, politician, famous thinker • Donated his book collection to begin the Library of Congress • First major advocate of universal public education

43. First Continental Congress

44. First widespread organization against the British rule in the American colonies • Convened in 1774 in Philadelphia in response to the passage of the Intolerable Acts • 12 colonies (all but Georgia) sent representatives • Demanded repeal of the Intolerable Acts

45. Second Continental Congress

46. Convened in the Spring of 1775, just before “The shot heard ‘round the world” • Commissioned and ratified the Declaration of Independence • After the outbreak of the American Revolution, appointed George Washington general of the Continental Army, oversaw the printing of currency, and drafted the Articles of Confederation

47. Declaration of Independence

48. Document ratified by the Second Continental Congress on July 4th, 1776 • Declared the American colonies completely independent of Britain, thereby triggering the American Revolution • Drafted by Thomas Jefferson • Eloquent expression of many Enlightenment social theories made it a groundbreaking document • Source of famous words include, “We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, endowed by their creator with certain inalienable rights, and that these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness”

49. John Locke

50. In writing the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson used concepts from this philosopher who believed that life, liberty, and property were the natural rights of mankind.