Final Review

1. Final Review 12 CP English Hack Period 9

2. Memoir • a historical account or biography written from personal knowledge or special sources. • Night was a memoir… it was also an autobiography.

3. Things Fall Apart Eurocentric Non-Eurocentric focusing on European culture or history to the exclusion of a wider view of the world; indirectly regarding European culture as leading. Does not believe that European culture is superior

4. Things Fall Apart Imperialistic Anti-Imperialistic a policy or practice by which a country increases its power by gaining control over other areas of the world and pushes for colonization The Africans did not believe in colonization, nor saw the benefit, and they wanted to remain in their villages

5. Elements of Literature • Hyperbole: A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express a strong sentiment or create a comic effect; “overstatement” • Example: • “sweating to death” • “a ton of homework”

6. Elements of Lit • Simile: a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two seemingly unlike things using like, as, than, or resembles • Ex: • “A full moon like an accusing fate.” • “Clouds resembling stuffed animals.” • Setting: Time and place of a story, play or narrative

7. Irony • A contrast between expectation and reality– what is said and what is really meant; what is expected and what really happens; what appears to be true and what really is true

8. Allusion • A reference to a statement, person, place, event or thing that is known from literature, history, religion, myth, politics, etc. • Examples: • “I was surprised his nose was not growing like Pinocchio’s.” This refers to the story of Pinocchio, where his nose grew whenever he told a lie. • “When she lost her job, she acted like a Scrooge, and refused to buy anything that wasn’t necessary.” Scrooge was an extremely stingy character from Charles Dickens’, A Christmas Carol. • “He was a real Romeo with the ladies.” Romeo was a character in Shakespeare’s play, Romeo and Juliet, and was very romantic in expressing his love for Juliet.

9. Literary Elements • Foreshadow- Clues that hint at what is going to happen later in the plot • Example: The Long Exile – Ivan’s wife’s dream; Night- Madame Schaeter’s screams • Flash-forward- A scene that interrupts the present action to skip ahead to an event in the future • Example: The Long Exile; Norwegian Rat • Characterization- methods the author uses to reveal the personality of the character • Indirect Characterization- We have to use our own judgment and put clues together to figure out what the character is like • Direct Characterization- The author tells us directly

10. Dramatic Elements • Aside: private words that a character in a play speaks to another character or to the audience that are NOT suppose to be heard by others onstage • Diction: The writer’s or speaker’s choice of words • Dialogue: Conversation between 2 or more people

11. Soliloquy • A long speech in which a character who is usually alone onstage expresses his or her private thoughts or feelings • Monologues are long, formal speeches but usually directed at another character or the audience.

12. Elements of Tragedy • Tragedy- a play, novel or other narrative depicting serious and important events in which the main character comes to an unhappy end • Tragic Hero- usually dignified, courageous, and high ranking (NOBILITY)- wins some self-knowledge and wisdom (REVELATION) despite defeat (death) • Tragic Flaw- Error in judgment or character weakness that results in downfall