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Systematic Adaptations of Phylum Cnideria

Systematic Adaptations of Phylum Cnideria. The Jellies, Anemone and Corals. Objectives (Chapter 13). 1 . Identify characteristics distinguishing phylum Cnideria 2. Discuss adaptations characteristic of the phylum Cnideria with regard to Body form, morphology & embryonic development

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Systematic Adaptations of Phylum Cnideria

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  1. Systematic Adaptations of Phylum Cnideria The Jellies, Anemone and Corals

  2. Objectives (Chapter 13) • 1. Identify characteristics distinguishing phylum Cnideria • 2. Discuss adaptations characteristic of the phylum Cnideria with regard to • Body form, morphology & embryonic development • Feeding and digestion • Excretion • Movement/locomotion • Reproduction • Sensory/Motor response • 3. Define “dimorphism”. Distinguish between the polyp and medusa form of Cniderians

  3. Objectives (Chapter 13) • 4. Describe structure and function of cnidocytes • 5. Distinguish between the taxonomic Classes in the Phylum Cnideria. Give examples • 6. Discuss the ecological significance and development of coral reefs • 7. Compare & Contrast Ctenophores with Cniderians

  4. 1. Identify characteristics distinguishing phylum Cnideria • Radial symmetry • Tissue level of organization • Incomplete gastrulation (one opening to the digestive cavity) • Diploblastic • Endoderm and Ectoderm only – No mesoderm • Tentacles with stinging “cnidocytes”

  5. 2. Discuss adaptations characteristic of the phylum Cnideria • Body form, morphology & embryonic development • Feeding and digestion • Excretion • Movement/locomotion • Reproduction • Sensory/Motor response

  6. Body Form & Development

  7. Body Form and Development • Epidermis • Derived from embryonic ectoderm • Gastrodermis • Derived from embryonic endoderm • Mesoglea • Middle jelly • Tentacle • With cnidocytes

  8. Dimorphism • Medusae • Bell Shaped • Motile • Usually sexually reproducing • Jellyfish • Polyps • Tube shaped • Sessile • Usually asexually reproducing • Anemone and Corals

  9. Integumentary & Muscular • Epidermis is a single cell layer • Muscle fibers associated with the base of the epithelium • True muscle is mesodermal in origin. Cnideria are diploblastic (no mesodermal tissue) • Movements are simple and non-specific

  10. Nervous & Sensory • No central nervous system • Nerve cells in a diffuse “nerve net” ennervate the epitheliomuscular cells

  11. Digestive • One opening to the digestive cavity • Digestive enzymes secreted by the gastrodermis (“extracellular” digestion)

  12. Reproduction • Cnideria have a variety of life cycles, from simple to complex. • Generally, the polyp form is used for asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction occurs in the medusae • Both monoecious and dioecious forms exist,

  13. Characteristic Cniderian Life Cycle

  14. Cnidocytes

  15. Cniderian Classes

  16. Hydrozoa

  17. Scyphozoa

  18. Anthozoa

  19. Cubozoa

  20. Coral Reefs

  21. Ctenophores (Comb Jellies) • Superficially similar to Cniderianmedusae, but: • “Comb plates” for locomotion • No nematocysts • True muscle (derived from mesoderm?) • Complete digestive tract

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