Xenophobia Ugly stereotypes and prejudice mark anti-immigration cartoons

XenophobiaUgly stereotypes and prejudice mark anti-immigration cartoons 49542228 黃馨瑤 49642210 洪釧瑜 49642246 林中河 49642250 黃凱明

Xenophobia Fear or dislike of foreigners

1850s: Chinese immigrants the U.S.A. 1860s~1870s: Chinese the West Coast (California)

1860s, California: 84%: in rural mining regions 7.8%: in San Francisco 1870s, California: 24.4%: in San Francisco Chinatown

The growing anti-Chinese sentiment In the printed media Increasingly negative Positive images

Slanting eyes • More-slanting eyebrows • A long queue • Traditional Chinese clothing • Monopoly

Clothing factories Shirt manufactory Underwear Box factory Laundry Cuba Havana

Immigration of Chinese labor • 19th California-gold rush • Building of the First Transcontinental Railroad.

California-gold rush • 1848-1855 • Background • Janes W Marshall • Forty niniers • Ten thousands from Latin America, Europe, Austrilia and China • Effect • Development of government and commerce • Effects on Native Americans • Anti-foreigner laws (Chinese, Latin American) • World-wide economic stimulation (British manufacture china clothing)

Building of the First Transcontinental Railroad • 1863-1869(after California gold rush) • Background • Pacific railroad • Provide timber and crops • Mainly Constructed by Chinese immigrant labor (reason?)

Chinese Exclusion Act • 1882 • Background • Gold rush(first? Reason for hire?) • After Civil war(Politicized by Denis Kearney) (California Governor- John Bigler) (California government, tax) (1860, reason of exclusion)

Chinese Exclusion Act • Act • By 1878 congress decided to pass legislation • California -1881 March 6th • 1882 fully pass(action?) • 1888 Scott Act(action?) • 1924 Immigration Act(action?) • 1943 Magnuson Act

Magnuson Act • Background (1943, Warren G. Magnuson ) • Content

Important immigration acts of U.S. • The Naturalization Act of 1790established the rules for naturalized citizenship • The Page Act of 1875is the first act restricting immigration

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was an explicitly race-based immigration act. • The Act of 1891established a Commissioner of Immigration in the Treasury Department.

The Geary Act of 1892extended and strengthened the Chinese Exclusion Act • The Chinese Exclusion Repeal Actof 1943,Magnuson Act repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act and permitted Chinese nationals already in the country to become naturalized citizens

The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 (or Hart-Cellar Act) discontinued quotas based on national origin, while preference given to those who have U.S. relatives. For the first time Mexican immigration was restricted.

Talking points 1. Anti-immigration themes abound in early political cartoons. This vicious portrayal of a Chinese immigrant reflected the anger of many Californians in the 1800s. Chinese immigrants were so skilled and efficient they soon dominated the cigar, clothing and laundry trades. What made the Chinese easy scapegoats for San Franciscans frustrated by high unemployment?

Talking points * Scapegoat : Someone or a group of people who is/are singled out, unjustifiably blamed, and targeted with severe hostility.

Talking points Ans: • 1869 • Central Pacific Railroad • Driving Chinese out • A mass movement (in San Francisco in 1877 )

Talking points 2. Are similar cultural biases evident in the reaction to Latino immigration issues in the states bordering Mexico and elsewhere?

Cultural Bias • The phenomenon of interpreting and judging phenomena • Economics, psychology, anthropology, and sociology • Color, location of body parts, mate selection, concepts of justice and taboos

Stereotypes of immigrants • Italian: dark hair, olive skin, thick dark, eyebrows, eat pasta, talking loudly • Black: stupid, speak different English, dirty, disrespect, violent, poor • Irish: potatoes, excellent poets, beautiful voices, fun, stupid

Stereotypes of immigrants • Jewish: very greedy, large noses, money grabbing cheats, kidnappers, monsters • Latino: lazy, dark, indians, loud, they are Mexican

Mexico- United States Border • International border • Runs from San Diego, California, Tijuana and other place • 3,169 km • Most frequently crossed border

Mexico- United States Border • To prevent illegal movement across the Mexico- United States border

Talking points 3.Racist and ethnic stereotyping in cartoons was common in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Define “stereotype” and explain how the term applies to this drawing. Would this cartoon be published by the mainstream press today?

Talking points • Stereotype, is a common belief about specific social groups or types of individuals. • Tradition clothing, small eyes and the hairstyle. • Human rights, respect other people. This kind of cartoon is too offensive.

Thank you for your attention!

Xenophobia Ugly stereotypes and prejudice mark anti-immigration cartoons