1 / 18

Phylum Chordata

Phylum Chordata. Subphylum Urochordata Subphylum Cephalochordata Subphylum Vertebrata. Chordate Characteristics. Notochord: stiff flexible rod below dorsal surface Dorsal nerve chord Pharyngeal pouches Postanal tail. 7 Vertebrate Classes (or 9 if you want to get picky).

kass
Download Presentation

Phylum Chordata

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Phylum Chordata Subphylum Urochordata Subphylum Cephalochordata Subphylum Vertebrata

  2. Chordate Characteristics • Notochord: stiff flexible rod below dorsal surface • Dorsal nerve chord • Pharyngeal pouches • Postanal tail

  3. 7 Vertebrate Classes(or 9 if you want to get picky) • Agnatha: jawless fish like lamprey • Chondrichthyes: jaws and paired fins; skeleton made of cartilage not bone; includes sharks, skates, rays (internal fertilization) • Oesteichthyes: bony fish like our perch; includes ray-finned and lobe-finned fishes (most have external fertilization)

  4. Classes of Vertebrates(phylum Chordata) • Amphibia: frogs, toads, newts, salamanders • Reptiles: snakes, lizards, turtles, crocodiles, alligators • Aves: Birds • Mammals

  5. OsteichthyesOur Example: The PerchExternal • Operculum • Fins and their functions • Scales covered with mucus to keep bacteria and protozoans out

  6. Perch Digestive System • Path of food: mouth, pharynx, esophagus,stomach, intestine (nutrients absorbed), anus • Digestive Glands: liver, gall bladder, pancreas

  7. PerchCirculatory System • Two chambered heart • Deoxygenated blood goes to atrium, then to ventricle, then to gills where it becomes oxygenated • One loop system • Countercurrent flow in gills

  8. PerchOdds and Ends • Swim bladder for up/down movement • Most have external fertilization (spawning) female lay eggs, male fertilizes with sperm (milt)

  9. Amphibians • Means ‘two lives’ • Have larval and adult stages (metamorphosis) • Moist, thin skin, no scales • Lack claws • Gills, lungs, skin for respiration • Eggs must be laid in water or they dry out

  10. Frogs (anura)Circulatory System • 3 chambered heart as adults: 2 atria and 1 ventricle • 2 loop system: In pulmonary circulation blood goes from heart, to lungs, to heart. In systemic circulation, blood goes from heart, to body, to heart.

  11. Frogs Repiratory System • Gills as juveniles • Pulmonary breathing (lungs) as adults • Skin

  12. Frogs Odds and Ends • External: Tympanum membrane (ear drum) • Nictitating membrane (protective eye covering)

  13. Reptiles • Amniotic egg allows reptiles to lay eggs on land. (water is in the egg) • Amniotic egg shows common ancestor for reptiles, birds and mammals

  14. Reptile Advances over Amphibians • Internal fertilization • Amniotic egg • Scales on dry skin prevent water loss • Well developed lungs • Claws on feet

  15. Circulatory System • Two loops • Septum begins to divide ventricle into two • 4 Chambered heart in alligators and crocodiles • Can redirect blood away from lungs to warm body or stay underwater

  16. ReptilesOdds and Ends • Jacobson’s organ in snakes: on roof of mouth; snakes collect chemicals from the air; jacobson’s organ senses odors • Pit vipers can sense heat through ‘pit’ located below eye • Ectothermic • Oviparity,ovoviviparity and viviparity

  17. Aves-BirdsCharacteristics • Wings/Feathers • Lightweight skeleton, hollow bones • Rigid skeleton with some fused bones Endothermy • Air sacs behind lungs to increase oxygen intake • Oviparity • Beak / no teeth

  18. AvesOdds and Ends • Descended from reptiles: claws with scales • Preen gland to distribute waterproofing • Syrnx-song box • No urinary bladder • Huge energy requirements because of endothermy and flight

More Related