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Chapter 5d: The Skeletal System

Chapter 5d: The Skeletal System. The Appendicular Skeleton. 126 bones There were 80 in the axial skeleton Limbs (appendages) Pectoral girdle Pelvic girdle. The Appendicular Skeleton. The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle. Composed of two bones Clavicle – collarbone

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Chapter 5d: The Skeletal System

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  1. Chapter 5d:The Skeletal System

  2. The Appendicular Skeleton • 126 bones • There were 80 in the axial skeleton • Limbs (appendages) • Pectoral girdle • Pelvic girdle

  3. The Appendicular Skeleton

  4. The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle • Composed of two bones • Clavicle – collarbone • Scapula – shoulder blade • These bones allow the upper limb to have exceptionally free movement

  5. The Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle • Clavicle • Note that the acromialclavicular joint is a lateral joint Figure 5.20a–b

  6. Scapula • Wings • Acromium – spine • Connects with clavicle • Coracoid process • Beaklike • Points over the top of the shoulder • Anchors arm muscles

  7. Bones of the Shoulder Girdle Figure 5.20c–d Hoban

  8. Scapula & Clavicle

  9. Bones of the Upper Limb • The arm is formed by a single bone • Humerus Figure 5.21a–b

  10. Upper Limb • 30 bones form each upper limb • Humerus • Coronoidfossa – anterior • Olecranonfossa – posterior • Connect with ulna

  11. Bones of the Upper Limb • The forearm has two bones • Ulna • Medial bone in anatomical position • Radius • Lateral bone in anatomical position (over thumb) Figure 5.21c

  12. The interosseousmembrane allows impact to either bone to be distributed across the area, and limits the risk of fractures.

  13. Checkpoint! • Can you name the bones? Humerus Ulna Radius

  14. Bones of the Upper Limb • The hand • Carpals – wrist • Metacarpals – palm • Phalanges – fingers • Carpals – 2 rows of 4 = wrist • Metacarpals – start counting with #1 as thumb • Heads of metacarpals = knuckles • Phalanges – 3 in each finger & • 2 in thumb Figure 5.22 Hoban

  15. Bones of the Pelvic Girdle • Hip bones • Formed by two coxal (ossacoxae) bones • Composed of three pair of fused bones • Ilium • Connects with sacrum at sacroiliac joint • Ischium • Pubis Hoban

  16. The total weight of the upper body rests on the pelvis • Protects several organs • Reproductive organs • Urinary bladder • Part of the large intestine

  17. Pelvic Girdle

  18. The Pelvis Figure 5.23a

  19. The Pelvis: Right Coxal Bone Figure 5.23b Hoban

  20. Ischium – the “sit down” bone • Ischialtuberosity – receives body weight when sitting • Pubis • Acetabulum – head of femur • Pubic symphysis – cartilaginous joint • Ilium • Greater sciatic notch – blood vessels & sciatic nerve

  21. Male vs. Female pelvis Female has larger inlet & is more circular Pelvis as a whole is shallower, bones lighter & thinner Ilia flare more laterally Sacrum is shorter & less curved Ischial spines are shorter & farther apart; thus the outlet is larger Pubic arch is more rounded because the angle of the pubic arch is greater

  22. Gender Differences of the Pelvis Figure 5.23c Hoban

  23. Hoban

  24. Hoban

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