1 / 39

Chapter 5e: The Skeletal System

Chapter 5e: The Skeletal System. Bones of the Lower Limbs. The thigh has one bone Femur The heaviest, strongest bone in the body Carries total weight when erect Trochanter – muscle attachment Patellar surface Articulates with tibia. Figure 5.24a–b. Bones of the Lower Limbs.

teness
Download Presentation

Chapter 5e: The Skeletal System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 5e:The Skeletal System

  2. Bones of the Lower Limbs • The thigh has one bone • Femur • The heaviest, strongest bone in the body • Carries total weight when erect • Trochanter – muscle attachment • Patellar surface • Articulates with tibia Figure 5.24a–b

  3. Bones of the Lower Limbs Hoban

  4. Bones of the Lower Limbs • The lower leg has two bones • Tibia • Shinbone • Larger and medially oriented • Fibula • Not part of knee joint • Thin and sticklike Figure 5.24c

  5. The interosseousmembrane allows impact to either bone to be distributed across the area, and limits the risk of fractures.

  6. Bones of the Lower Limbs • The Foot • Tarsals (7) - ankle • Two largest tarsals • Calcaneus (heelbone) • Talus • Metatarsals (5) – sole • Phalanges (14) – toes Figure 5.25

  7. ARCHES OF THE FOOT Foot • Supports body weight & serves as lever to propel body forward • Each toe has 3 phalanges, big toe has 2 • Bones of the foot are arranged to form three strong arches • Held by ligaments & tendons • Two longitudinal • medial & lateral • One transverse

  8. Arches of the Foot • Bones of the foot are arranged to form three strong arches • Held by ligaments & tendons • Two longitudinal • medial & lateral • One transverse Hoban Figure 5.26

  9. Arch of foot

  10. Hoban

  11. Joints • Articulations of bones • Functions of joints • Hold bones together • Allow for mobility • Ways joints are classified: • Function – amount of movement allowed • Structure – whether composed of fibrous tissue, cartilage, or a cavity • Separate boney regions

  12. Functional Classification of Joints • Axial skeleton • Synarthroses – immovable joints • Amphiarthroses – slightly moveable joints • In limbs • Diarthroses – freely moveable joints

  13. Joints • Articulations of bones • Functions of joints • Hold bones together • Allow for mobility • Ways joints are classified: • Function – amount of movement allowed • Structure – whether composed of fibrous tissue, cartilage, or a cavity • Separate boney regions

  14. Functional Classification of Joints • Axial skeleton • Synarthroses – immovable joints • Amphiarthroses – slightly moveable joints • In limbs • Diarthroses – freely moveable joints

  15. Structural Classification of Joints • Fibrous joints • Generally immovable • Cartilaginous joints • Immovable or slightly moveable = amphiarthroses • Synovial joints • Freely moveable

  16. Hoban

  17. Fibrous Joints • Bones united by fibrous tissue • Examples • Sutures of skull • Syndesmoses • Allows more movement than sutures • Example: distal end of tibia and fibula Figure 5.27a–b

  18. Fibrous Joints Hoban

  19. Fibrous Joint: Sutures

  20. Fibrous joint: Syndesmoses Hoban

  21. Cartilaginous Joints – amphiarthrotic (slightly moveable) • Bones connected by cartilage • Examples: • Pubic symphysis • Intervertebral joints

  22. Cartilaginous Joints Hoban

  23. Cartilaginous Joint: Vertebrae

  24. Cartilaginous Joint: Pubic Symphysis

  25. Synovial Joints • Articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity • Synovial fluid is found in the joint cavity • Joints of limbs Hoban Figure 5.24f–h

  26. Synovial Joints

  27. Features of Synovial Joints • Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) covers the ends of bones • Joint surfaces are enclosed by a fibrous articular capsule • Have a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid • Ligaments reinforce the joint

  28. Synovial Joint: Elbow

  29. Synovial Joint: Hip

  30. Synovial Joint: Knee

  31. Synovial Joint: Shoulder

  32. Structures Associated with the Synovial Joint • Bursae – flattened fibrous sacs • Lined with synovial membranes • Filled with synovial fluid • Not actually part of the joint • Tendon sheath • Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

  33. The Synovial Joint Hoban

  34. Types of Synovial Joints Based on Shape • Shape of articulating bone determines movements • Plane • Flat surfaces • Gliding movements • Found in Intercarpal joints of wrist

  35. Hinge • Cylindrical end of one with trough-shaped surface of 2nd • Movement in one plane • Found in elbow, ankle, phalanges • Pivot • Rounded end of one bone fits into sleeve of other • Rotate around axis • Found in proximal radioulnar joint, axis & atlas

  36. Condyloid • Egg shape of one fits into oval concavity of 2nd • Move back & forth, but not rotate • Found in fingers • Saddle • Convex & concave areas form saddle • Found in thumb

  37. Ball & socket • Sphere of one into socket of 2nd • Movement in all axes • Most freely moving • Found in shoulder & hip

  38. Hoban

More Related