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Foot and Ankle Examination

Foot and Ankle Examination. Dr. Abdulrahman Algarni , MD, SSC (Ortho), ABOS Assist. Professor, King Saud University Consultant Orthopedic and Arthroplasty Surgeon. Foot and Ankle Examination. Bilateral exposure: at least mid leg Compare, front, back and side

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Foot and Ankle Examination

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  1. Foot and Ankle Examination Dr. AbdulrahmanAlgarni, MD, SSC (Ortho), ABOS Assist. Professor, King Saud University Consultant Orthopedic and Arthroplasty Surgeon

  2. Foot and Ankle Examination • Bilateral exposure: at least mid leg • Compare, front, back and side • Standing and supine position

  3. Foot and Ankle Examination Standing • Look • Special test • Gait • Neurovascular examination Supine • Look • Feel • Move • Special test

  4. Standing Look • Skin changes • Soft tissues: Muscle wasting (leg), swelling

  5. Standing Look • Bone alignment: (hind foot: varus or valgus, mid foot: cavus, flat foot. Forefoot: halluxvalgus), swelling

  6. Standing Look • Bone alignment: (hind foot: varus or valgus, mid foot: cavus, flat foot. Forefoot: halluxvalgus), swelling

  7. Standing Special test: • If patient has flat foot (pesplanus): ask the pt to tip toe to check if it is flexible or rigid flatfoot. • Observe if the heel will correct from valgus to varus or not as well as midfootarch reconstitution.

  8. Standing Gait • Foot-dropt: foot-slap and high-stepping gait • Fixed equinus deformity

  9. Supine Look • Plantar surface (Sole): skin changes (callosities)

  10. Supine Feel • Skin: temperature. • Soft tissue: Achilles tendon. • Bone: Bony Landmarks (LM, MM, medial and lateral collateral ligaments, joint line, calceneum) for tenderness.

  11. Supine Move • Active and passive ankle ROM (dorsiflexion and planterflexion) • Passive subtalar ROM (ankle to neutral, and stabilize it then apply inversion and eversion to assess subtalar ROM).N.B: note if painful or painless

  12. Supine Special tests • Anterior drawer test with ankle in planterflexion to evaluate anterior talofibularligament

  13. Supine Special tests • Achilles tendon test: Thompson test.

  14. Neurovascular examination

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