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Foot and Ankle

Foot and Ankle. Joints, Palpations, & ROM. Joints:. A  synovial joint , also known as a  diarthrosis , is the most common and most movable type of joint in the body Other types: Fibruous and Cartlaginous

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Foot and Ankle

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  1. Foot and Ankle Joints, Palpations, & ROM

  2. Joints: • A synovial joint, also known as a diarthrosis, is the most common and most movable type of joint in the body • Other types: Fibruous and Cartlaginous • Main structural differences between synovial and fibrous joints are capsules surrounding the articulating surfaces of a synovial joint and the presence of lubricating synovial fluid within those capsules (synovial cavities).

  3. Joints • Toes and Metatarsals: • Interphalangeal joints: These joints connect the phalanges. They’re synovial joints strengthened by collateral and plantar ligaments, and they let you flex and extend your toes. • Metatarsophalangeal joints: They allow you to flex and extend your toes as well as move them apart and closer together. • Intermetatarsal joints • Tarsometatarsaljoints • Cuboideonavicularjoints

  4. joints • Foot: • These two joints allow you to invert and evert the foot • Subtalar joint: This joint is the posterior joint formed between the talus and the calcaneus. It’s a synovial joint, and it’s stabilized by medial, lateral, and interosseoustalocalcaneal ligaments. • Transverse tarsal joint: The transverse tarsal joint is actually a combination of the following two joints: • Talocalcaneonavicularjoint • Calcaneocuboid

  5. Subtalar Joint

  6. Transverse Tarsal Joint

  7. Joints • Ankle: • The ankle joint is a synovial hinge joint, so you can plantarflex and dorsiflex • The ankle joint is made up of distal ends of the tibia and fibula

  8. ROM • Toes • Flexion/extension • Abduction/Adduction • Ankle • Dorsiflexion/plantarflexion • Inversion/eversion • Circumduction

  9. ROM

  10. What to palpate – Bony Landmarks From distal to proximal: • Distal Phalangeals • Heads of the Metatarsals • Styloidprocess of fifth metatarsal • Sinus Tarsi - soft tissue depression just anterior to the lateral malleolus. (Sinus Tarsi is filled with EDB & fat pad) • Medial and Lateral Malleoli • Head of the Talus • Calcaneous • Shaft of the Tibia and Fibula • Head of the fibula • Tibial Tuberosity

  11. What to Palpate – Muscles and Tendons • Gastrocnemius • Soleus • Achilles Tendon • Tibialis Anterior • Extensor DigitorumLongus • Flexor DigitorumLongus • Peroneus Longus

  12. Palpations - Foot

  13. How to palpate • “Palpate with a purpose” • Head of Talus - felt just behind the navicular, by everting & inverting the midfoot. • SustentaculumTali - one fingerbreadth below medial malleolus. (serves as an attachment for the spring ligament & supports the talus); can be painful when palpated

  14. Palpations - Ankle

  15. In class… • Pair off and palpate 3 different people’s foot and ankle • Identify bones and ligaments • Continue to work on foot diagram if needed

  16. What you need to know for the exam • Where to Palpate specific bones/ligaments • ALL ROM

  17. Homework • Color pages 4 and 5 in the packet

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