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Introduction to Polymers

Introduction to Polymers. Overview. What are polymers ? How are polymers named? What is a polymer crosslinker ?. Polymers are all around us!. Natural. Synthetic (man-made). Plastic containers. DNA. Toys. Wood. Rubber. Contact lenses. Carbohydrates (sugars). Protein

kathleen-hensley
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Introduction to Polymers

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  1. Introduction to Polymers

  2. Overview • What are polymers? • How are polymers named? • What is a polymer crosslinker?

  3. Polymers are all around us! Natural Synthetic (man-made) Plastic containers DNA Toys Wood Rubber Contact lenses Carbohydrates (sugars) Protein (amino acids) Clothing polyester Sport equipment

  4. Polymer Definition polymer “many” “part” Polymers are large molecules made of repeating parts The repeating parts are chemical compounds

  5. Polymers are made of chains of repeating compounds Polyester coat Polyester fibers small (micro) Large (macro)

  6. Polymers are made of chains of repeating compounds Polyester coat Polyester fibers small (micro) ester ester ester ester Strings of ‘ester’compounds Joined by covalent bonds Large (macro)

  7. Polymers are made of chains of repeating compounds Polyester coat Polyester fibers small (micro) ester ester ester ester Esters are compounds made of elementslike C, H, O Covalent bonds form when these atoms share electrons Large (macro)

  8. Naming polymers mer mer mer mer mer Polymer Polyester ester ester ester ester PolyA A A A A A A A Name this polymer: sugar sugar sugar sugar

  9. Naming polymers mer mer mer mer mer Polymer Polyester ester ester ester ester PolyA A A A A A A A Name this polymer: Polysugar sugar sugar sugar sugar (a carbohydrate!)

  10. Crosslinkers stabilize polymer chains Polyester fibers Polymer molecule chains ester ester ester ester Beads on a string One fiber A crosslinker is a compound that bonds polymer chains together

  11. Crosslinkers stabilize polymer chains Polyester fibers Polymer molecule chains ester ester ester ester Beads on a string One fiber A crosslinker is a compound that bonds polymer chains together

  12. What are some properties of polymers? vs. How can we change the properties of polymers?

  13. The chemical properties of repeat units and their crosslinkers determine the physical properties of polymers • Density • Melting temperature • Transparency • Stiffness • Can’t see through • Flexible • Can’t see through • Rigid, stiff • See-through • Flexible

  14. Example Remember the TP lab? How does TP absorb water? Toilet paper contains a polymer called cellulose cellulose cellulose cellulose + Water Remember, paper comes from wood, a natural polymer!

  15. Example Remember the TP lab? How does TP absorb water? Toilet paper contains a polymer called cellulose cellulose cellulose cellulose + Water cellulose cellulose cellulose Water loves cellulose! This makes TP absorbant!

  16. Example Remember the TP lab? How does TP absorb water? So, the chemical properties of a polymer (cellulose) in paper help determine its physical properties (absorbancy)

  17. Example An important synthetic polymer Polyethylene (PE) ethylene ethylene ethylene

  18. Example An important synthetic polymer Polyethylene (PE) ethylene ethylene ethylene This is what the compound called ethylene looks like: H H C C H H This repeating compound is called ethylene -Its chemical formula is C2H4

  19. Example An important synthetic polymer H H H H H H H H C C Polyethylene (PE) C C C C C C H H H H H H H H ethylene ethylene ethylene This is what the compound called ethylene looks like: This repeating compound is called ethylene -Its chemical formula is C2H4

  20. Example An important natural polymer Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Wow, that is complex!

  21. Example An important natural polymer Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Wow, that is complex! Cartoon of DNA DNA double helix

  22. Polymers are used in medical devices pelvis Thigh bone hip cartilage knee Thigh bone Shin bone polymer

  23. Polymer Synthesis Lab!

  24. Homemade silly putty H H C C Repeat unit = vinyl alcohol H OH OH HO B OH Crosslinker = borate ions OH

  25. Homemade silly putty H H H H H H H H C C C C C C C C H O O H O O H H B B H O O H H O O H C C C C C C C C H H H H H H H H

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