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3G System for Global Roaming

3G System for Global Roaming. 3G System.

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3G System for Global Roaming

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  1. 3G System for Global Roaming www.assignmentpoint.com

  2. 3G System • The third generation (3G) cellular networks were developed with the aim of offering high speed data and multimedia connectivity to subscribers. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) provides the standard known as, IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommmunications-2000 for 3G systems. • The aim of IMT-2000 is to harmonize worldwide 3G systems to provide Global Roaming. www.assignmentpoint.com

  3. A few technologies are able to fulfill the International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT-200) standards. The original members of the IMT-2000 family included the UMTS, CDMA2000, TD-CDMA, EDGE and DECT technologies. Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) TD-SCDMA (Time Division-High Speed Circuit Switched Data) EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) Digital Cordless Phones (DECT) like WiFi TD-CDMA ↔ Time-division-Code division multiple access www.assignmentpoint.com

  4. Universal Wireless Communications, or UWC-136, is a proposed standard from the Universal Wireless Communication Consortium (UWCC)—a consortium of more than 85 telecommunications carriers and wireless product vendors—for a 3G (third-generation) wireless communication system. • UWC-136 is a pure Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) technology that is designed to be backward compatible with the existing IS-136 TDMA digital cellular phone system defined by the ANSI-136 and IS-41 standards and still widely used in North America. www.assignmentpoint.com

  5. For IMT-2000intended Data Rates Low 144 kbits/s satellite and rural outdoor, Medium 384 kbits/s urban outdoor, High 2048 kbits/s indoor and low range outdoor. The speed of the MS above 10 Kmph will loose data rate. www.assignmentpoint.com

  6. IMT-2000 Vision • Common Spectrum worldwide (1.8-2.2GHz band) • Multiple radio environments (cellular, cordless, satellite, LANs) • Wide range of telecommunication services (voice, data, multimedia, Internet) • Global seamless roaming • Enhance security and performance • Integration of satellite and terrestrial system. www.assignmentpoint.com

  7. Evolution to 3G IS-136 & PDC 2G IS-95 GSM GPRS IS-95B 2.5G HSCSD EDGE Cdma2000-1xRTT W-CDMA 3G Cdma2000-1xEV,DV,DO EDGE TD-SCDMA Cdma2000-3xRTT 3GPP 3GPP2 (EV, DV, DO↔ Evolution, Data Voice, Data Optimized) RTT ↔ Radio Transmission Technologies www.assignmentpoint.com

  8. High Speed Circuit Switched Data • Dedicate up to 4 timeslots for data connection ~ 50 kbps • Good for real-time applications (better than GPRS) • Inefficient in a sense that ties up resources, even when nothing is sent • Not as popular as GPRS (many skipping HSCSD) • Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution • Uses 8PSK modulation • 3x improvement in data rate on short distances • Can fall back to GMSK for greater distances • Combine with GPRS (EGPRS) ~ 384 kbps • Can also be combined with HSCSD GSM 9.6kbps (one timeslot) GSM Data Also called CSD HSCSD GSM WCDMA GPRS EDGE • General Packet Radio Services • Data rates up to ~ 115 kbps • Max: 8 timeslots used as any one time • Packet switched; resources not tied up all the time • GSM / GPRS core network re-used by WCDMA (3G) GSM evolution to 3G www.assignmentpoint.com

  9. 3G W-CDMA (UMTS) • Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is the generic name for 3G developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) based on the specifications of IMT-2000 developed by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU). • The technology is based on the GSM standard. • Developed and maintained by the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project ). • UMTS uses wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) radio access technology to offer greater spectral efficiency and bandwidth to mobile network operators. www.assignmentpoint.com

  10. Here user-information bits are spread over a wide bandwidth (much larger than the information signal bandwidth) by multiplying the user data with the spreading code. The chip (symbol rate) rate of the spreading sequence is 3.84 Mcps, which, in the WCDMA system deployment is used together with the 5 MHz carrier spacing. • The core network is Asynchronous Transfer Method (ATM) allows circuit switched transfer of data using packets. High speed data transfer – currently maximum 10 Gbps. www.assignmentpoint.com

  11. IPv6 Arguments are being pushed for the core network which would allow packets to be transferred directly from the internet to the device with no translation. • UMTS uses a pair of 5 MHz channels, one in the 1900 MHz range for uplink and one in the 2100 MHz range for downlink. The specific frequency bands originally defined by the UMTS standard are 1885–2025 MHz for uplink and 2110–2200 MHz for downlink. • Some of the key features include the support to two basic modes FDD and TDD, variable transmission rates, intercell asynchronous operation, adaptive power control, increased coverage and capacity, etc. www.assignmentpoint.com

  12. Scrambler • Used for Data Encryption. Make call more secure. • Randomizes data. Prevents the transition of a long series of 1’s or 0’s www.assignmentpoint.com

  13. UMTS UMTS is the European vision of 3G. UMTS is an upgrade from GSM via GPRS or EDGE. The standardization work for UMTS is carried out by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). Data rates of UMTS are: 144 kbps for rural 384 kbps for urban outdoor 2048 kbps for indoor and low range outdoor Virtual Home Environment (VHE) www.assignmentpoint.com

  14. UMTS System Architecture • A UMTS network consists of three interacting domains: Core Network (CN), UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN) and User Equipment (UE) or ME. • The 3G system terminal is called ‘‘UE’’ and it contains two separate parts: Mobile Equipment (ME) and the UMTS Service Identity Module (USIM). USIM contains member specific data and enables the authenticated entry of the subscriber into the network. www.assignmentpoint.com

  15. GERAN: GSM EDGE Radio Access Network The GERAN air interface is Um, whereas the UTRAN air interface is Uu Radio Network Subsystem (RNS) Radio Network Controllers (RNC) Circuit switch domain Packet switch domain UMTS network architecture www.assignmentpoint.com

  16. This UMTS UE is capable of working in three modes: CS (circuit switched) mode, PS (packet switched) mode and CS/PS mode. www.assignmentpoint.com Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)

  17. Base Station is referred as Node-B and control equipment for Node-B's is called Radio Network Controller (RNC) as if the BSC of GSM. • The functions of Node-B are: • Air interface Transmission / Reception • Modulation / Demodulation • CDMA Physical Channel coding • Micro Diversity • Error Handing • Closed loop power control • The functions of RNC are:Radio Resource Control • Admission Control • Channel Allocation • Power Control Settings • Handover Control • Macro Diversity • Ciphering • Segmentation / Reassembly • Broadcast Signaling • Open Loop Power Control www.assignmentpoint.com

  18. Core Network (CN) : • The Core Network is divided in circuit switched and packet switched domains. • Some of the circuit switched elements are Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC), Visitor location register (VLR) and Gateway MSC. • Packet switched elements are Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) and Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN). Some network elements, like EIR, HLR, VLR and AUC are shared by both domains. • To provide switching, routing and transit for user traffic. The basic CN architecture for UMTS is based on the GSM network with GPRS. www.assignmentpoint.com

  19. Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) interfaces the access network of MS and the Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) connects UMTS core network with external packet network like Internet, X.25 or similar. • The Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is defined for UMTS core transmission. The ATM Adaptation Layer type 2 (AAL2) handles the circuit switched connection and the packet connection protocol AAL5 is designed for data delivery. www.assignmentpoint.com

  20. UMTS Network Architecture Circuit Switch Packet Switch There are four interfaces connecting the UTRAN internally or externally to other functional entities: Iu, Uu, Iub and Iur www.assignmentpoint.com

  21. www.assignmentpoint.com

  22. Bodies Give Proposal for 3G Two international bodies are established. Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) The Japanese standardization body ARIB (Association of Radio Industries and Business), Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) of Korea, ESTI (European Telecommunication Standards Institute) of Europe proposed for WCDMA is based on DS-CDMA (direct sequence code division multiple access) technology. Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), A partnership consisting of five telecommunications standards bodies: CWTS in China, ARIB and TTC in Japan, TTA in Korea and TIA in North America proposed for CDMA-2000. www.assignmentpoint.com

  23. North America Europe Japan Korea China 3GPP T1 ARIB/ TTC ESTI TTA CWTS T1→ANSI Committee CWTS→ China Wireless Telecommunications Standard www.assignmentpoint.com

  24. North America Japan Korea China 3GPP2 TIA ARIB/ TTC TTA CWTS www.assignmentpoint.com

  25. 3G CDMA-2000 • TIA of USA and TTA of Korea proposed 3G CDMA-2000. Code division multiple access 2000 is the natural evolution of IS-95 (cdmaOne). • It includes additional functionality that increases its spectral efficiency and data rate capability. CDMA (code division multiple access) is a mobile digital radio technology where channels are defined with codes (PN sequences). • CDMA permits many simultaneous transmitters on the same frequency channel. www.assignmentpoint.com

  26. IS-95B Uses multiple code channels Data rates up to 64kbps Many operators gone direct to 1xRTT CDMA2000 1xEV-DO: (Evolution-Data Only) 1XEV-DO, also called 1XEV Phase One, is an enhancement that puts voice and data on separate channels in order to provide data delivery at 2.4 Mbps. IS-95B CDMAIS-95A CDMA2000 3xRTT 1xEV-DO 1xEV-DV IS-95A 14.4 kbps Core network re-used inCDMA2000 1xRTT EV-DV, or 1XEV Phase Two promises data speeds ranging from 3 Mbps to 5 Mbps. CDMA20003X evolution: speeds to 5Mbps (more than 3xRTT i.e. 3 times the standard 1.25 MHz ) CDMA2000 1xRTT(Radio Transmission Technologies): single carrier RTT First phase in CDMA2000 evolution Easy co-existence with IS-95A air interface Release 0 - max 144 kbps Release A – max 384 kbps Same core network as IS-95 CDMA2000 evolution to 3G www.assignmentpoint.com

  27. CDMA2000 1xEV-DO Data only 2.4 Mbps RF backward compatible CDMA IS-95A IS-95B CDMA2000 1x Voice, 14.4k Voice, 64k Nearly Doubles Voice, 307k, RF backward compatible 1995 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Evolution of CDMA Networks Evolution to 3G – The Carrier’s Choice www.assignmentpoint.com

  28. 3G TD-SCDMA • Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access, or TD-SCDMA, is a 3G mobile telecommunications standard, being pursued in the People's Republic of China by the Chinese Academy of Telecommunications Technology (CATT). • This proposal was adopted by ITU as one of the 3G options in late 1999. TD-SCDMA is based on spread spectrum technology. www.assignmentpoint.com

  29. www.assignmentpoint.com

  30. Three system parameters Coverage Capacity Quality Three system parameters coverage area of a cell, quality of voice and capacity of physical channel are interlinked. Enhancement of any parameter will degrade another two parameters. For example if coverage area of a cell is increased then delay difference of multipath propagation will also increase hence BER will be high. To keep the BER within tolerable range chip rate i.e. capacity of the channel has to be reduced or size of the cell must be lowered to reduce the delay difference of mulipath propagation. www.assignmentpoint.com

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