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REDUCING THE NEED TO TRAVEL

Mobile Network Seminar – 16 th May 2003. REDUCING THE NEED TO TRAVEL. David Banister The Bartlett School of Planning University College London. The New Realism. Stage 1 - Consensus that projected traffic growth is not sustainable Stage 2 - Proposed road schemes will not solve the problem

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REDUCING THE NEED TO TRAVEL

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  1. Mobile Network Seminar – 16th May 2003 REDUCING THE NEED TO TRAVEL David Banister The Bartlett School of Planning University College London

  2. The New Realism Stage 1 - Consensus that projected traffic growth is not sustainable Stage 2 - Proposed road schemes will not solve the problem Stage 3 - Limitations on the use of the car and substantially raising the costs of travel Stage 4 - Awareness of the environmental and social costs of unlimited mobility Stage 5 - Reduce the need to travel - the only means to improve the environment and congestion

  3. The Universal Problem

  4. Economic Solutions • Internalising the social costs of transport through the pricing mechanism • Fuel duty increases - but this will not stabilise CO2 emissions until 2010 – abandoned in 1999 • Transport in EU15 has increased its carbon emissions by 160 m tonnes from 1990 - 2000 • A real doubling of petrol prices will reduce growth in traffic (1992-2006) from 65% to 30% - only a tripling of petrol prices will maintain traffic at current levels.

  5. Technology has always solved the problems in the past and will solve them now Catalytic converters Cash for clunkers Electric, hybrid and hydrogen vehicles Regional clean air incentives market (RECLAIM) Alternative fuels Technological Solutions

  6. Electric vehicles in Lillehammer Mercedes – New Electric Car (NECAR3)

  7. Free electric recharging in Copenhagen and Free unrestricted parking for electric vehicles in London

  8. Reduce journey lengths – higher use of public transport and green modes of transport Encourage trip chaining – location of services and facilities in close proximity Promoting high quality locations, including public transport interchanges – where people want to spend time at with facilities – transport development areas of Land Use and Planning Solutions

  9. Sustainable transport policy - Sustainable development 1. Development Principles 2. Social Audit 3. Quality Neighbourhoods Land Use and Planning Solutions

  10. Development Principles Concentration and Diversity of Activities Vitality Less need to travel Environmental security Less reliance on the car More use of green modes and public transport More attractive and better quality town centres Economic, Social and Environmental Benefits

  11. 1. Density of Development As density increases Average trip length reduces Use of the car reduces Distance travelled reduces But causality has not been proved Development Principles

  12. The larger the settlement Shorter the trips Greater proportion of trips by public transport Use of car and total distance travelled decreases Thresholds need to maintain balance between people, jobs and a full range of facilities 2. Size of Settlement

  13. Increases in consumption of travel by car commuting in UK is 60% from 1981-1991 Need to put workplaces nearer to where people live, but the nature of work is changing Also locate workplaces in larger and public transport accessible locations 3. Availability of Employment

  14. 1. Social Costs of Closure Savings to provider and additional costs to user 2. Social Costs of New Development Benefits to local economy and users of the new facility, extra travel (if any) 3. Development Levy On locations inaccessible by public transport Social Audit

  15. Locations where people, public transport and local facilities take precedence over the car Efficient interfaces between transport modes Non polluting local transport Provision of local based facilities Monitoring and control technologies to maintain high environmental quality Quality Neighbourhoods

  16. Clear Zones and limited access areas - Interchange point at boundary

  17. Streets for People

  18. Car Free Development Gruenenstrasse in Bremen

  19. Transport Development Areas • At public transport accessible locations • Encouragement of multi modal trips • Office location and retail centres at TDAs • Affordable housing units and car free developments 5. The new interchange points where people want to meet and spend time and money

  20. Conclusions • Importance of land use and transport planning • It provides the means to tackle the causes of unsustainable transport. • By reducing the need to travel, it also meets social concerns about the equity of access to transport. • It contributes to a more efficient transport system through reductions in resource consumption and greater use of public transport and green modes of transport. • It improves the quality of life in cities through the creation of high quality neighbourhoods, a clean environment and enhanced accessibility.

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