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Standards

This warm-up activity guides students to fill out a map showing Allied and Axis countries, while also constructing a timeline of Hitler's lightning war in Europe. It covers key events such as Germany's takeover of Austria and Czechoslovakia, the non-aggression pact with the USSR, the blitzkrieg invasion of Poland, and the fall of France.

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Standards

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  1. Warm Up: Using Page 489 in the textbook, fill out the map as completely as possible using colors to show the Allied countries and the Axis countries. Outline France as an allied country, but do not color it in. Objectives Students will be able to construct a timeline chronicling the events of Hitler’s lightning war and how he is eventually stopped by the British through a timeline. Standards • 10.8.1 - Compare the German, Italian, and Japanese drives for empire in the 1930s, including the 1937 Rape of Nanking, other atrocities in China, and the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939. • 10.8.3 - Identify and locate the Allied and Axis powers on a map and discuss the major turning points of the war, the principal theaters of conflict, key strategic decisions, and the resulting war conferences and political resolutions, with emphasis on the importance of geographic factors.

  2. Germany Begins to take over Europe • 1938 – Germany reunites with Austria (both spoke German) • Anschluss – the reunification of Austria and Germany • March 1939 - Hitler also takes over part of Czechoslovakia • Treaty of Munich (1938) was to decide the fate of Czechoslovakia (not represented at the meeting) • Forced to surrender after the “scrap of paper” agreement • After each of these aggressive moves, Hitler would “claim” that he was finished with his territory grab • What areas has Hitler taken since coming into power? • Rhineland, Austria, and Czechoslovakia • Hitler then turns to Poland • Wanted to reunite the Polish Corridor with Germany (has a large German population) • Polish Corridor was a strip of land given to Poland to have access to the sea (Treaty of Versailles)

  3. Polish Corridor

  4. Germany Begins War in Europe • Hitler and Stalin sign a 10 year non-aggression pact on August 23, 1939 • An agreement that both countries will not fight each other • Secret part of the pact • Germany would take half of Poland and the other half to the USSR, while the USSR would get Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia • All of these countries were given independence from the Treaty of Versailles

  5. Questions Q: How does Hitler convince the Allies that he is not planning on conquering Europe? What areas does he take first? Q: What do Stalin and Hitler agree on? What was the secret part of this agreement?

  6. Germany’s Lightning Attack • After signing this nonaggression pact, Hitler quickly moved ahead with plans to conquer Poland. • His surprise attack took place at dawn on September 1, 1939. • Hitler’s goal is to take Warsaw (the capital of Poland) • Poland falls before any military can respond • Hitler annexed the western half of Poland. • The German invasion of Poland was the first test of Germany’s newest military strategy • Blitzkrieg, or “lighting war” • It involved using fast-moving airplanes and tanks and a large number of soldiers to surprise and quickly overwhelm the opponent. • September 3rd - France and Great Britain declare war on Germany

  7. Soviets Respond to Hitler’s Blitzkrieg • September 17th 1939 - After Hitler takes over the Western half of Poland, the USSR occupies the Eastern half • Stalin continues to take the Baltic states (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia) without struggle but Finland resists Stalin’s aggression • November 1939 - Stalin responds with 1 million Soviet troops • Expect a quick victory • Do not account for a long battle and the winter (this would prove costly) • Finns are outnumbered and outgunned, but fight valiantly to defend their country • Finns use skis to attack the Soviets (who are having issues moving in the snow) • USSR wins due to large numbers and by March 1940 – Stalin forces the Finns to accept surrender

  8. Split of Poland between Nazi Germany and USSR

  9. Questions What is a “blitzkrieg”? How does Hitler use this technique in his conquests (Provide examples) Why does Hitler stop in Poland?

  10. The Phony War • France and Britain have begun to mobilize (get their army together) troops and place them on the Maginot (MAZH-uh-noh) line • A line of reinforced fortifications along France’s border with Germany • France and Great Britain wait for Germany to attack • Nothing happened – Allied troops look at Axis troops from the Siegfried Line (Germany’s fortification line) • Nicknamed sitzkreig or “sitting war” by the Germans • French and British newspapers nickname it the “Phony War”

  11. The Maginot Line

  12. Hitler blitzkriegs Denmark and Norway • April 9th, 1940 – Hitler surprise Denmark and Norway • Denmark falls in 4 hours of the attack • 2 Months later, Norway surrenders • Hitler takes over Denmark and Norway for strategy • Hitler begins building bases on the coast line • Used these bases for launching strikes on Britain

  13. Questions What is the Phony war? What does Hitler do instead?

  14. France Falls to the Germans • May 1940 – Hitler begins to conquer Western Europe starting with the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg • Using this as a diversion, Hitler sends his forces through the Ardennes (Ahr-Dehns) • A heavily wooded forest in Northern France, Luxembourg, and Belgium • Squeeze through the Maginot Line • Takes over the rest of France, and in 10 days, they reach the Northern Coast

  15. Draw in where the Germans marched through to get to France.

  16. Great Britain to the Rescue! • Germans turn north and rejoin with the rest of the German Army in Belgium • Germans have trapped the Allies in the city of Lille (leel) • Allies retreat to the beaches at Dunkirk (a French port city) due to the Germans outnumberingand outgunning the allies • Trapped due to the Sea at their back and the Germans pushing them forward • British send forces to rescue the French • Send around 850 ships (civilian yachts, motorboats, paddle streamers, fishing boats) across the English Channel to the city of Dunkirk • May 26th-June 4th – the fleet of amateurs sails back and forth, rescuing 338,000 soldiers

  17. The End of France • With the retreat of Dunkirk, the French Resistance begins to fall apart • June 14, 1940 – Germans take over Paris • June 22nd, 1940 – French Leaders surrender to Hitler and the Germans • Germans control Northern France, while they set up a puppet government in Southern France (Vichy [Veesh-ee], France) with Marshal Petain • Charles de Gaulle – French general sets up a government in exile in London • His only goal is to retake France from the Germans • Broadcasting from England, de Gaulle calls the people of France to continue to resist the Germans • Continues to fight the Germans with the Free French Military until 1944, when the Allies take France

  18. France after Germans take over

  19. Questions How does France fall to the Germans? What is the aftermath France falling?

  20. Great Britain is the last Allied Standing • Winston Churchill becomes the new British Prime Minister after Chamberlin steps down. • Declares that his nation with never give in • “We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall never surrender!” • After defeating France, Hitler sought to take over Great Britain • Wants to destroy the Royal Air Force (RAF) then send a landing party of 250,000 soldiers on the shores of England • Summer of 1940 – the Luftwaffe (looft-vahf-uh) begin to bombing the airfields and aircraft factories • September 7th – Hitler decides to bomb cities (London) instead of the air force • Wants to break the morale of the British • Many lose their life, but the British never give up

  21. Revenge of the Royal Air Force • The RAF begin to fight back, despite being outnumbered • Have 2 developments in technology that help, radar and the enigma machine • Radar – could tell the number, speed, and direction of the German warplanes • Enigma machine – breaks German secret decoded messages • Helps the RAF launch an attack before the Germans could attack • October 1940 - Hitler responses by having the Luftwaffe start bombing at night instead of during the day • This would avoid the dogfights (plane to plane combat) with the RAF • At sunset, sirens would fill the air letting the people know that the raids would be beginning • Civilians found shelter in the subway stations, or in their own basements

  22. Radar and the Enigma Machine

  23. The Battle of Britain • Continued until May 10th, 1941 • Hitler ends up giving up on his attacks of Britain • Hitler was surprised by the resistance from the British • Hitler turns to the Mediterranean and Eastern Europe • The lesson learned from the Battle of Britain • Hitler’s attacks could be stopped

  24. Questions Summarize the Battle of Britain. What did the Allies learn from this battle?

  25. Warm Up: What happens at the Battle of Dunkirk and Battle of Britain? What do the Allies learn from the Battle of Britain? Objectives Students will be able to construct a timeline chronicling the events of Hitler taking over the Balkans and attacking the USSR and Mussolini taking Northern Africa. Standards • 10.8.1 - Compare the German, Italian, and Japanese drives for empire in the 1930s, including the 1937 Rape of Nanking, other atrocities in China, and the Stalin-Hitler Pact of 1939. • 10.8.3 - Identify and locate the Allied and Axis powers on a map and discuss the major turning points of the war, the principal theaters of conflict, key strategic decisions, and the resulting war conferences and political resolutions, with emphasis on the importance of geographic factors.

  26. Timeline Project You will create a timeline mobile like the one shown. You will title it World War 2 It will break down into 2 sections – War in Europe and War in the Pacific You will need correctly timeline the events of both parts of the war The front will be a photo of the event, behind it will be a summary of the event DUE: April 11, 2014

  27. Hitler and Mussolini team up • After his failure in Britain, Hitler turns to The Mediterranean and the Eastern Front • Hitler changes his strategy to conquer Britain later • Turns to the Balkans (same area which started World War I) • Hitler’s ultimate goal is to conquer the Soviet Union • Up until the invasion of France, Mussolini and Italy had stayed relatively neutral. • Once Hitler takes France, Mussolini believes he must take action • Declares war on both France and Great Britain (June 10, 1940) • Takes over part of France (June 25th)

  28. Mussolini attack the Suez • September 1940 – Mussolini eyes taking over most of North Africa • With Britain preoccupied by Hitler’s bombing of Britain, Mussolini attacks Egypt and the Suez Canal • The goal was to take the canal and eventually the oil fields of the Middle East • In one week time, the Italians had forced the British back 60 miles, but eventually came to a stalemate. • February 1st, 1941 – The British fight off the Italians but Hitler steps in and gives control to General Erwin Rommel (the Desert Fox) and the AfrikaKorps and comes to push the British back. • British take 130,000 Italian soldiers prisoners • March 1941 – British are taken by surprised and pushed back to Libya • 9 months later - British push Rommel back to where he had started • By June 1942 – Rommel and his tank force are successful in taking Egypt

  29. Rommel Takes North Africa

  30. Hitler adds the Balkans • With the Desert Fox in Africa, Hitler sent some of his troops to take the Balkans • This was a part of Hitler’s plans to take the Soviet Union • The Balkans were key in attacking the Soviet Union • Wanted to build bases and during this time Britain was occupied with the sieging of their cities • Early 1941 (around January) – Hitler has convinced Bulgaria, Romania, and Hungary to join the Axis powers • Yugoslavia and Greece (both were pro-British) do not join the Axis power • Hitler invades both countries in April 1941 • Yugoslavia falls in 11 days, and Greece in 17 days

  31. How do the Nazis celebrate the conquering of Greece?

  32. Hitler Attacks the Eastern Beast • Nicknamed Operation Barbarossa, Hitler plans to invade the Soviet Union and violate the non-aggression pact • June 22nd 1941 – Germans use a blitzkrieg to attack the unprepared Soviets • Hitler begins the invasion with planes and tanks • Although the Soviets have the largest number of troops, they are not well equipped or well trained (like in World War I) • The Germans take 500 miles of the Soviet Union after a few weeks • Soviets turn to a strategy they used against Napoleon as they retreat • The Soviets burn everything behind them and destroy roads to make it more difficult for the Nazis

  33. Leningrad under siege! • September 8th, 1941 – Leningrad goes under siege by the German forces • To force the city to surrender, Hitler is prepared to starve the 2.5 million people of Leningrad after he had cut them off from the rest of the Soviet Union • As Leningrad is being sieged, German bombs are destroying food warehouses • 1 million die due to starvation • Leningrad refuses to surrender to Hitler • Hitler moves on from Leningrad to Moscow (capital of USSR)

  34. Hitler makes the same mistake as Napoleon • October 2nd – Nazi begin to move towards the capital, reaching Moscow in December • GeorgiZhukov counterattacks Hitler’s troops • As winter falls, the Germans are unprepared and begin to retreat • Hitler will not take a retreat and tells his generals to stay and take Moscow • Germans are 125 miles west of Moscow • Will stay that far from Moscow till 1943 • Hitler will gain nothing from invading Russia but it will cost him 500,000 troops

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